https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25lWXTc6SyI (2016)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mingong
According to data from the National Bureau of Statistic of China (NBS), the number of mingong was about 269 million[1] in the end of 2013.
The hopes of the migrant workers are that they are able to live in modern houses and may work and live in simple, but healthy conditions, which are better than those they live in on the countryside. In reality, most mingong live in slums and don't have long term contracts. The growing number of workers must settle for exploitative wages, work without contracts and uncertain conditions. If they become unemployed, they have the choice between going back to the countryside or looking for a new job in another urban area.
These workers hardly have a chance to get themselves qualified or to build a new life.
see also
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBKBYJhJz5o&list=PLWv6XoY0cQ3c4jKOLb9YEaWS84R8wh6b6
https://book.douban.com/subject/1309273/ (孫惠芬 2005)
https://www.economist.com/news/china/21741602-they-are-one-biggest-threats-countrys-social-stability-chinas-cities-young-people (2018-5-3)
https://www.babelio.com/livres/Saint-Paul-Le-peuple-des-rats/921965 (2016-11-5)
http://www.books.com.tw/products/0010785221 (低端人口：中國，是地下這幫鼠族撐起來的 2018-4-27)