Carver's original draft of the story "Beginners" was heavily edited by Gordon Lish, who cut out nearly half of Carver's story, adding in details of his own. Carver's original draft, released by his widow Tess Gallagher and published[4] in a December 2007 issue of the New Yorker, reveals the extensive edits. For instance, the character Mel was originally named Herb, and the abusive boyfriend, renamed Ed by Lish, was originally named Carl. Additionally, Herb's story about the old couple was cut nearly in half, with Lish removing the story of the old couple's home life, love, and reunion in the hospital. In Carver's original version, the two had separate rooms, which caused them to pine for each other and eventually led to a scene when they met again. Lish removed all of this, rewrote the couple into the same room, but in body casts that prevented them from seeing each other, and then explained the old man's distress thus:
Lish also cut out eight paragraphs at the end, in which Terri communicates her worry over Herb's depression to Laura and Nick, and another aspect of love is shown as Laura comforts Terri, tying together all the types of love discussed in the story.
這個四個人(兩男兩女)午後喝了太多Gin的故事告訴我們Gin後勁太強四個人撐不了兩瓶
Rodado,
J. (2016). What do we talk about when we talk about psychoanalysis?. Int. Forum
Psychoanal., 25(3):179-185.
In
his 1918 paper “Lines of advance in psychoanalytic therapy,” Freud suggested
that psychoanalysis should reach out to the masses on a larger scale. “We
need to alloy the pure gold of analysis with the copper of direct suggestion,” he noted. Time has proven this assertion to be true. As
Freud had anticipated, the psychoanalytic technique has left doctors’ offices to enter a number of
different areas: from hospital and state mental health centers to clinics,
social work organizations, and nongovernmental health institutions. Moreover,
some authors, following the paths established by Freud, have conceptually
enriched psychoanalytic theory and eventually achieved a voice of their own.
Hence, one might wonder whether today, in the early twenty-first century, “pure
gold” psychoanalysis exists,
whether there is a psychoanalyst who, with uncontaminated theories, is
conceptually pure gold, the owner of the truth. This paper tries to find the
common denominator of current theories of psychoanalysis through the analysis of the different meanings of psychoanalysis today. To do this, it has taken as a model the metaphor of a short story written by Raymond Carver entitled
“What we talk about when we talk about love.” In that story, the partners in
two marriages talk about the different meanings of the word “love.” Some years
later, Gordon Lish, Carver's editor, admitted that he had retouched Carver’s
original text to help its publication. This controversy allows us to consider
unorthodox practices carried out by Freud that sometimes have been silenced in
the pursuit of maintaining “the pure gold of psychoanalytic practice.”