... existential concerns come first: they are priviledged over psychoanalytic ones. (Del Loewenthal, Routledge, 2021, Introduction)
Thursday, July 25, 2024
Can we say that to have autonoetic consciousness equals to having a self identity? （ChatGPT, 2024-7-25) (存在治療）（1130803）
Autonoetic consciousness refers to the human ability to mentally place oneself in the past, future, or in hypothetical situations, essentially allowing for self-reflection and the awareness of one's own existence and experiences over time. It is a key component of episodic memory and self-awareness.
Having autonoetic consciousness is closely related to having a self-identity, as it involves the capacity to reflect on one's own life, make sense of one's past experiences, and envision one's future, all of which are integral to forming a coherent sense of self. However, while autonoetic consciousness is a crucial aspect of self-identity, it is not the only factor. Self-identity also encompasses elements such as social identity, personality traits, values, and beliefs, which are shaped by both internal reflections and external influences.
In summary, autonoetic consciousness significantly contributes to the formation and maintenance of self-identity, but self-identity is a broader construct that includes additional components beyond just autonoetic consciousness.
存一： 半途中與事件相遇，被事件事件 （meeting event halfway, and be appropriated by the event)（存在治療）（1130803）
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1lrdVqdXtVGLm6DC4pbkvltiNjEiAkCwT/edit?usp=drivesdk&ouid=115251326502230793012&rtpof=true&sd=true
成癮變態 (存在治療)(1130803)
我先前說過，成癮變態，是我們當今存在，最必須的經驗，成癮不止是嗑藥酗酒，雖然玩新興藥物者，有一種讓人肅然起敬的小白鼠的精神，成癮最重要的是行為，比如說，拔頭髮偷竊縱火不停發脾氣性愛打電玩類強迫症囤積蒐集火柴盒用過的保險套和微波爐，這些行為都很有趣，因為你不知道為什麼，你不得不為，至于變態，如果止于性愛，就太可惜了，意思是說，變態需要創意，否則不足以稱為變態，意思是說，真正的變態，極致的變態，方足以為人，十分罕見，有幸見到，你要頂禮膜拜，痛哭流涕，回到開始，人無癮不立，人無變態無原創，這是你我此生，存在的理由，有趣的是，曾癮者，方得超越癮，曾變態者，方得超越變態，意思是說，曾經滄海難為水，我們在廿一世紀初至中業，等待成癮變態的倖存者，在廿一世紀末葉出現，我們還無法想像，他們的存在的理由是什麼，我預期毀滅將以更純粹的形式出現，以致創造力有可能以更純粹的形式出現，意思是說，N vs V，辯證的張力，越來越快，越來越強，我們蹲在高聳的危牆上，
What is experience? What is lived experience? (ChatGPT, 2024-7-25) (存在治療）（2024-7-25）
### What is Experience?
**Experience** refers to the knowledge or skill acquired through involvement in or exposure to events, activities, or interactions over time. It encompasses both the subjective aspects (feelings, perceptions) and the objective aspects (events, actions) of encountering and engaging with the world. Experience can be sensory, emotional, intellectual, or physical.
Key Aspects of Experience:
1. **Subjectivity**: Experience is inherently personal and subjective. It involves an individual's perceptions, emotions, and interpretations of events.
2. **Interaction**: Experience arises from interactions with the environment, other people, and oneself. It includes both active participation and passive observation.
3. **Learning and Growth**: Through experiences, individuals learn and grow, acquiring new skills, knowledge, and understanding.
4. **Memory**: Experience is stored in memory and can be recalled and reflected upon, influencing future actions and decisions.
### What is Lived Experience?
**Lived Experience** refers to the firsthand, personal experience of individuals, encompassing their perceptions, feelings, and interpretations of events and phenomena as they occur in their everyday lives. It highlights the qualitative, narrative, and phenomenological aspects of how people experience their world.
Key Aspects of Lived Experience:
1. **Phenomenological Approach**: Lived experience focuses on how individuals subjectively experience and interpret their world. It is concerned with the "what it is like" aspect of experiences.
2. **Narrative and Storytelling**: Lived experiences are often expressed and understood through personal narratives and storytelling, providing insight into how individuals make sense of their experiences.
3. **Contextual and Embodied**: Lived experience is deeply embedded in the context of an individual's life, including their cultural, social, and physical environment. It considers how experiences are shaped by and shape one's identity and body.
4. **Emotional and Existential**: Lived experience encompasses the emotional and existential dimensions of being human, including joys, sorrows, challenges, and moments of meaning or crisis.
5. **Unique and Individual**: While there may be common themes, each person's lived experience is unique, shaped by their specific history, personality, and circumstances.
### Differences Between Experience and Lived Experience:
- **Scope**: "Experience" is a broad term that can refer to any kind of knowledge or skill gained from involvement in events. "Lived experience" specifically focuses on the subjective, qualitative aspects of personal, everyday experiences.
- **Focus**: "Experience" can include both subjective and objective elements, whereas "lived experience" emphasizes the subjective, phenomenological, and narrative dimensions.
- **Usage**: "Experience" is often used in general discussions about knowledge and skills, while "lived experience" is commonly used in fields like phenomenology, qualitative research, psychology, and sociology to explore and understand personal, contextualized experiences.
In summary, experience encompasses the broad range of knowledge and skills gained through interaction with the world, while lived experience delves into the subjective, personal, and phenomenological aspects of how individuals perceive, feel, and interpret their everyday lives.
Seeing consciousness through the lens of memory (2020) (存在治療）（1130803）
https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(20)31162-3.pdf
I will refer to the three kinds of consciousness as anoetic (non-knowing), noetic (knowing), and autonoetic (self-knowing). (Tulving, 1985)
Table 1. Anoetic, noetic, and autonoetic consciousness
Hoes does anoetic consciousness arise? (ChatGPT, 2024-7-25)
Anoetic consciousness is a term used to describe a basic, non-reflective form of awareness. Unlike autonoetic consciousness, which involves self-reflection and the ability to mentally travel in time, anoetic consciousness pertains to simple, immediate experiences without self-awareness or temporal depth. Understanding how anoetic consciousness arises involves examining fundamental aspects of perception and cognition:
1. **Sensory Perception**: Anoetic consciousness primarily arises from basic sensory perception. When an individual perceives the world through their senses (sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell), they experience a direct, immediate form of awareness. This type of consciousness does not involve higher-order thinking or reflection; it is the raw experience of sensory input.
2. **Basic Biological Processes**: At a biological level, anoetic consciousness is linked to the functioning of the brain’s sensory and perceptual systems. Neural processes in areas like the primary sensory cortices process incoming sensory information, leading to the immediate, unanalyzed awareness of stimuli.
3. **Primitive Forms of Awareness**: Anoetic consciousness can be seen as the most primitive form of awareness, shared by many animals and even present in very young human infants. It involves a fundamental level of consciousness necessary for interacting with the environment and responding to immediate stimuli.
4. **Automatic and Habitual Actions**: Anoetic consciousness also arises during automatic or habitual actions where higher-order reflection is not required. For example, when performing routine tasks that have become second nature, individuals often operate at this basic level of awareness.
5. **Lack of Self-Reflection**: Anoetic consciousness is characterized by the absence of self-reflection. This means that while one is aware of the environment and immediate experiences, there is no introspection or consideration of oneself as an experiencing subject.
6. **Evolutionary Perspective**: From an evolutionary perspective, anoetic consciousness likely represents an early stage in the development of consciousness. It allows organisms to navigate and respond to their environment effectively, providing a foundation upon which more complex forms of consciousness, such as noetic (semantic) and autonoetic (episodic) consciousness, could evolve.
In essence, anoetic consciousness arises from the basic, immediate experience of sensory input and the fundamental neural processes that support perception and interaction with the environment. It represents the most elementary level of awareness, crucial for survival and day-to-day functioning, but devoid of the reflective and temporal qualities associated with higher forms of consciousness.
How does noetic consciousness arise? (ChatGPT, 2024-7-25)
Noetic consciousness, also known as noetic awareness, pertains to the awareness of facts, knowledge, and concepts without involving personal experience or self-reflection. It is crucial for semantic memory, which encompasses general knowledge about the world. Here’s how noetic consciousness arises:
1. **Cognitive Development**:
- **Language Acquisition**: The development of noetic consciousness is closely tied to the acquisition of language. As children learn to speak, they begin to understand and categorize the world around them, developing a repository of knowledge that is not tied to specific personal experiences.
- **Conceptual Understanding**: As cognitive abilities mature, individuals start to form and manipulate abstract concepts. This involves recognizing patterns, forming categories, and understanding relationships between different pieces of information.
2. **Educational and Social Influences**:
- **Learning and Education**: Formal education plays a significant role in the development of noetic consciousness. Through schooling, individuals acquire a wide range of factual knowledge and skills that contribute to their semantic memory.
- **Social Interactions**: Interactions with others also enhance noetic consciousness. Conversations, storytelling, and cultural traditions help individuals learn and internalize shared knowledge about the world.
3. **Neural Mechanisms**:
- **Brain Structures**: The medial temporal lobes, particularly the hippocampus, and areas of the prefrontal cortex are crucial for the formation and retrieval of semantic memory. These brain regions work together to encode, store, and recall factual information.
- **Neural Connectivity**: Efficient communication between different brain regions supports the integration and retrieval of semantic knowledge, allowing individuals to access and use this information fluently.
4. **Cognitive Processes**:
- **Memory Consolidation**: Experiences and information are processed and consolidated into long-term memory, where they become part of semantic memory. This process involves the transformation of raw sensory input into structured knowledge.
- **Abstract Thinking**: The ability to think abstractly allows individuals to generalize from specific experiences and form broader concepts and categories that are central to noetic consciousness.
5. **Experiential Learning**:
- **Repetition and Practice**: Repeated exposure to information and practicing recall can strengthen semantic memory and enhance noetic awareness. This repetition helps solidify knowledge and make it more readily accessible.
- **Problem-Solving**: Engaging in problem-solving and critical thinking exercises also promotes noetic consciousness by encouraging individuals to apply their knowledge in various contexts.
6. **Environmental Factors**:
- **Exposure to Diverse Information**: A rich and varied environment that provides exposure to diverse information, experiences, and stimuli supports the growth of semantic knowledge.
- **Cultural and Societal Contexts**: Different cultures and societies place varying emphasis on certain types of knowledge and ways of knowing, which can shape the development of noetic consciousness.
In summary, noetic consciousness arises through a combination of cognitive development, educational and social influences, neural mechanisms, cognitive processes, experiential learning, and environmental factors. It represents the awareness and understanding of factual and conceptual knowledge that is fundamental to functioning in and making sense of the world.
Hoes does autonoetic consciousness arise? (ChatGPT, 2024-7-25)
Autonoetic consciousness is the capacity for self-reflective awareness, enabling individuals to mentally place themselves in past experiences (episodic memory), envision future scenarios, and perceive their own existence over time. Here’s how autonoetic consciousness arises:
1. **Neural Mechanisms**:
- **Prefrontal Cortex**: The prefrontal cortex is critical for self-reflection, planning, and envisioning future scenarios. It integrates information from various brain regions to support the mental simulation of past and future events.
- **Medial Temporal Lobes**: The hippocampus and surrounding medial temporal lobes play a crucial role in forming and retrieving episodic memories, allowing individuals to recall personal experiences with a sense of re-experiencing them.
- **Default Mode Network (DMN)**: The DMN is a network of brain regions active during rest and self-referential thought. It supports introspection, daydreaming, and autobiographical memory.
2. **Cognitive Development**:
- **Emergence in Childhood**: Autonoetic consciousness typically develops in early childhood, around the age of 4 or 5, when children begin to understand that they are continuous beings with a past and a future. This development is closely linked to the maturation of brain regions involved in episodic memory and self-reflection.
- **Theory of Mind**: The development of theory of mind—the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others—supports autonoetic consciousness by enhancing self-awareness and understanding of personal experiences.
3. **Social and Environmental Influences**:
- **Narrative Practices**: Engaging in storytelling and conversations about past experiences with caregivers and peers helps children develop a sense of personal history and continuity. These narrative practices reinforce the ability to reflect on and articulate one’s own experiences.
- **Cultural Context**: Different cultures emphasize various aspects of self-awareness and reflection, shaping the development and expression of autonoetic consciousness. Some cultures may place greater importance on personal narratives and introspection, fostering deeper autonoetic awareness.
4. **Experiential Learning**:
- **Reflective Practices**: Activities that encourage reflection, such as journaling, mindfulness, and meditation, can enhance autonoetic consciousness by promoting self-awareness and introspection.
- **Life Experiences**: Diverse and significant life experiences contribute to the richness of episodic memory. Reflecting on these experiences helps individuals form a coherent sense of self over time.
5. **Language and Communication**:
- **Self-Referential Language**: The ability to use language to describe one’s own experiences and emotions supports the development of autonoetic consciousness. Talking about personal events helps solidify them in memory and enhances self-reflection.
- **Dialogue and Interaction**: Engaging in meaningful dialogue with others about personal experiences can deepen autonoetic consciousness by providing new perspectives and insights into one’s own life.
In summary, autonoetic consciousness arises from the interplay of neural mechanisms, cognitive development, social and environmental influences, experiential learning, and language and communication. It represents a higher level of self-awareness that enables individuals to reflect on their past, anticipate their future, and perceive their own continuity over time.
Is there higher development than autonoetic consciousness? (ChatGPT, 2024-7-25)
Yes, some theories suggest that there are forms of consciousness that go beyond autonoetic consciousness. These advanced forms often involve deeper levels of self-awareness, interconnectedness, and transcendence. Here are a few concepts that represent higher levels of development:
1. **Transpersonal Consciousness**:
- **Definition**: Transpersonal consciousness extends beyond the individual self to encompass a sense of unity with others, nature, or the cosmos. It involves experiences that transcend the ego and personal identity, often associated with spiritual or mystical states.
- **Characteristics**: This level of consciousness includes heightened states of awareness, peak experiences, and feelings of oneness or connection with a greater reality. It often involves insights into the interconnectedness of all life.
2. **Cosmic Consciousness**:
- **Definition**: Cosmic consciousness is a term used to describe an advanced state of awareness where an individual perceives the universe as a unified whole and experiences a profound connection to it. This concept was popularized by Richard Maurice Bucke in his book "Cosmic Consciousness: A Study in the Evolution of the Human Mind."
- **Characteristics**: Experiences of cosmic consciousness are marked by a sense of boundless knowledge, profound peace, and an overwhelming feeling of love and unity. It is often described as an awakening to the ultimate reality.
3. **Unity Consciousness**:
- **Definition**: Unity consciousness involves the realization that all distinctions and separations are illusory and that everything is part of a single, unified reality. This state is often discussed in various spiritual traditions and philosophies.
- **Characteristics**: Individuals experiencing unity consciousness perceive no separation between themselves and others, experiencing a sense of wholeness and integration. It often involves a dissolution of the ego and a direct experience of interconnectedness.
4. **Integral Consciousness**:
- **Definition**: Integral consciousness, a concept explored by philosopher Ken Wilber, integrates multiple perspectives and levels of consciousness into a coherent whole. It seeks to harmonize different aspects of human experience, including mind, body, spirit, and society.
- **Characteristics**: This form of consciousness involves an awareness that integrates rational thought, intuition, and spiritual insights. It embraces complexity and sees the interdependence of various dimensions of existence.
5. **Nondual Awareness**:
- **Definition**: Nondual awareness is a state of consciousness where the usual dualities (such as self/other, subject/object) dissolve, revealing a fundamental unity. This concept is central to many Eastern philosophies, including Advaita Vedanta and certain Buddhist traditions.
- **Characteristics**: In nondual awareness, individuals experience reality directly, without the filters of conceptual thinking or ego-based distinctions. It involves a profound sense of peace, clarity, and liberation from the illusion of separateness.
6. **Self-Transcendence**:
- **Definition**: Self-transcendence involves moving beyond personal interests and desires to focus on broader concerns, such as the welfare of others, the environment, or universal values. It is often associated with spiritual growth and altruism.
- **Characteristics**: This level of consciousness includes experiences of deep empathy, compassion, and a sense of purpose that transcends individual goals. It involves a shift from self-centeredness to a focus on the collective good.
In summary, higher developments beyond autonoetic consciousness often involve deeper levels of self-awareness, interconnectedness, and transcendence. These advanced forms of consciousness are characterized by experiences of unity, integration, and a profound sense of connection with a greater reality.
7/25/24（星期四）
凱米午夜南澳登陸，四點二十新屋出海，意思是說，風平浪靜，蔡奇被軍方拿下，張又俠軍委主席，薄熙來國家主席，包子黨主席，李強跪在地上求包子不要殺李克強，兩億中國人高舉中華民國國旗在天安門廣場高喊打倒共產黨還我家園，
Wednesday, July 24, 2024
Anoetic, noetic, and autonoetic metacognition (2012) (存在治療）（1130803）
https://academic.oup.com/book/11865/chapter-abstract/160993778?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false
Abstract
In the past, metacognition has been defined very broadly. On the one hand it has been referred to as an implicit process, where awareness need not be involved. On the other hand — the stronger and more interesting sense — metacognitive processes have been used synonymously with introspection, consciousness, and self-reflection. In this chapter, we categorize the large range of existing metacognitive processes into three formal levels: anoetic metacognition, noetic metacognition, and autonoetic metacognition. Judgements that are bound to the current time, or made in the presence of stimuli, are classified as anoetic. Judgements that refer to or relate to internal representations, and are made in the absence of external stimuli, are classified as noetic. But only autonoetic metacognition requires the individual to make judgements about internal representations, and in addition have awareness that the self is intimately involved. While we can clearly distinguish between the three levels of metacognition, we continue to ponder two questions: first, is there a way to show that a nonhuman animal, or even a machine like Watson, can — autonoetically — reflect? Second, is a judgement without such self-reflection metacognition at all?
Memory and Consciousness (Tulving, 1985) （存在治療）（1130803）
http://www.esalq.usp.br/lepse/imgs/conteudo_thumb/Memory-and-Consciousness.pdf
ABSTRACT
Speculations supported by empirical observations are offered concerning different memory systems (procedural, semantic, and episodic) and corresponding varieties of consciousness (anoetic, noetic, and autonoetic), with special emphasis on episodic memory and autonoetic consciousness as its necessary correlate. Evidence relevant to these speculations is derived from a case study of an amnesic patient who si conscious ni some ways but not ni others, as well as from simple experiments on recall and recognition by normal subjects. Autonoetic (self-knowing) consciousness is the name given to the kind of consciousness that mediates an individual's awareness of his or her existence and identity in subjective time extending from the personal past through the present to the personal future. It provides the characteristic phenomenal flavour of the experience of remembering. The extent to which autonoetic consciousness is engaged in recall and recognition of word-events was measured in two demonstration experiments whose results were systematically related to the conditions under which the recovery of knowledge about the events was observed.
The flow of anoetic to noetic and autonoetic consciousness (2009) （存在治療）（1130803）
The flow of anoetic to noetic and autonoetic consciousness: A vision of unknowing (anoetic) and knowing (noetic) consciousness in the remembrance of things past and imagined futures
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1053810009001093
Autonoetic consciousness （存在治療）（1130803）
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonoetic_consciousness
Autonoetic consciousness is the human ability to mentally place oneself in the past and future (i.e. mental time travel) or in counterfactual situations (i.e. alternative outcomes), and to thus be able to examine one's own thoughts.
One's sense of self affects their behavior, in the present, past and future. It relates to how one reflects on their own past behavior, how they feel about it, and this in turn determines if they do it again.[1]: 308–309
It is episodic memory that deals with self-awareness, memories of the self and inward thoughts that may be projected onto future actions of an individual.[2][page needed] It was "proposed by Endel Tulving for self-awareness, allowing the rememberer to reflect on the contents of episodic memory".[3] Moreover, autonoetic consciousness involves behaviors such as mental time travel,[4][5] self-projection,[6]and episodic future thinking,[7] all of which have often been proposed as exclusively human capacities.[8]
Endel Tulving (1927-2023) （存在治療）（1130803）
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endel_Tulving#
Tulving first made the distinction between episodic and semantic memory in a 1972 book chapter.[13] Episodic memory is the ability to consciously recollect previous experiences from memory (e.g., recalling a recent family trip to Disney World), whereas semantic memory is the ability to store more general knowledge in memory (e.g., the fact that Disney World is in Florida). This distinction was based on theoretical grounds and experimental psychology findings, and subsequently was linked to different neural systems in the brain by studies of brain damage and neuroimaging techniques. At the time, this type of theorizing represented a major departure from many contemporary theories of human learning and memory, which did not emphasize different kinds of subjective experience or brain systems.[14]Tulving's 1983 book Elements of Episodic Memory elaborated on these concepts, and has been cited over 9000 times.[15] According to Tulving, the ability to travel back and forward in time mentally is unique to humans and this is made possible by the autonoetic consciousness and is the essence of episodic memory.[16
Tulving's research has emphasized the importance of episodic memory for our experience of consciousness and our understanding of time. For example, he conducted studies with the amnesic patient KC, who had relatively normal semantic memory but severely impaired episodic memory due to brain damage from a motorcycle accident. Tulving's work with KC highlighted the central importance of episodic memory for the subjective experience of one's self in time, an ability he dubbed "autonoetic consciousness". KC lacked this ability, failing to remember prior events and also failing to imagine or plan for the future.[21] Tulving also developed a cognitive task to measure different subjective states in memory, called the "remember"/"know" procedure. This task has been used extensively in cognitive psychology and neuroscience.[22]
Isn’t autonoetic consciousness related to semantic memory, rather than episodic memory? (ChatGPT, 2024-7-24) （存在治療）（1130803）
Autonoetic consciousness is actually more closely related to episodic memory than to semantic memory. Let's clarify the distinctions between these types of memory and how they relate to autonoetic consciousness:
1. **Episodic Memory**:
- **Definition**: Episodic memory involves the recollection of personal experiences and specific events that have occurred at particular times and places in one’s past.
- **Autonoetic Consciousness**: This form of memory is characterized by autonoetic consciousness, which is the capacity to mentally place oneself in the past, to re-experience events, and to be aware of this self-involvement in past experiences. Autonoetic consciousness allows individuals to reflect on their own existence across different points in time.
2. **Semantic Memory**:
- **Definition**: Semantic memory, on the other hand, refers to the storage and recall of general knowledge about the world, such as facts, concepts, and meanings that are not tied to personal experiences or specific events.
- **No Autonoetic Consciousness**: Semantic memory involves noetic consciousness, which is an awareness of facts and knowledge without a personal, time-bound context. It does not involve the self-reflective, time-traveling aspect of autonoetic consciousness.
To summarize, autonoetic consciousness is specifically linked to episodic memory, as it involves the self-reflective awareness that allows individuals to re-experience and reflect on personal events from their past. Semantic memory, which deals with general knowledge and facts, does not involve autonoetic consciousness.
The connection between autonoetic consciousness and Heidegger's "forgetfulness of being" is rooted in the capacity for self-reflection and temporal awareness provided by episodic memory, which can counteract the unreflective, inauthentic existence that Heidegger critiques.
Does autonoetic consciousness have anything to do with “forgetfulness of being”? (ChatGPT, 2024-7-24) （存在治療）（1130803）
Autonoetic consciousness is a concept introduced by Endel Tulving, a prominent memory researcher, to describe the capacity of individuals to mentally place themselves in past experiences, enabling a form of self-awareness that includes the ability to reflect on one's own existence across time. This form of consciousness is crucial for episodic memory, which allows individuals to recall personal events with a sense of re-experiencing them.
When considering Heidegger's concept of "forgetfulness of being," the connection with autonoetic consciousness can be understood as follows:
1. **Self-Reflection and Temporality**: Autonoetic consciousness involves self-reflection and an awareness of oneself in different temporal contexts (past, present, and future). Heidegger’s philosophy emphasizes the importance of being aware of one’s own existence (Dasein) and its temporality. Forgetfulness of being occurs when individuals lose this reflective awareness and become absorbed in everyday routines. Autonoetic consciousness could counteract this by fostering a deeper awareness of one’s temporal existence and personal history.
2. **Authentic Existence**: Heidegger’s notion of authentic existence involves a deep engagement with one’s own being and a recognition of the finite nature of life. Autonoetic consciousness, by enabling individuals to reflect on their past and anticipate their future, can promote an authentic mode of existence where one acknowledges and contemplates the entirety of their being. This reflective capability aligns with Heidegger's call for an authentic engagement with being.
3. **Memory and Being**: Forgetfulness of being is, in part, a historical amnesia where individuals and societies lose sight of the fundamental question of being. Autonoetic consciousness, through its role in episodic memory, helps individuals maintain a continuity of self and personal history. This continuity can serve as a basis for deeper existential reflection and a recollection of the question of being.
4. **Existential Awareness**: Autonoetic consciousness can enhance existential awareness by allowing individuals to mentally traverse their life’s timeline, thus fostering a sense of coherence and meaning. This heightened awareness can lead to a more profound engagement with the question of being, counteracting the forgetfulness that Heidegger critiques.
5. **Meditative Thinking**: Heidegger contrasts meditative thinking, which is open and contemplative, with calculative thinking, which is more pragmatic and goal-oriented. Autonoetic consciousness, with its reflective nature, can be seen as a form of meditative thinking that encourages individuals to ponder their existence and the nature of being, thus addressing the forgetfulness of being.
In summary, autonoetic consciousness has significant potential to counteract Heidegger's "forgetfulness of being" by fostering self-reflection, temporal awareness, and a deeper engagement with one's own existence. It supports the kind of reflective, meditative thinking that Heidegger advocates for in overcoming the neglect of the fundamental question of being.
Forgetfulness of Being (Seinsvergessenheit) (存在治療）（1130803）
THE FORGETFULNESS OF being is our failure to recognize, respond to, and experience gratitude for being as that which grants us a place in a world of entities.
Why ‘forgetfulness of being’, according to Heidegger? (ChatGPT, 2024-7-24)
Martin Heidegger, a prominent German philosopher, introduced the concept of the "forgetfulness of being" (Seinsvergessenheit) in his existential and phenomenological inquiries. This concept is crucial in understanding his critique of Western philosophy and modernity. Here’s why "forgetfulness of being" is significant according to Heidegger:
1. **Historical Oversight**: Heidegger argued that Western philosophy, since Plato and Aristotle, has been preoccupied with the study of beings (entities) rather than being itself. This focus on ontic (concerning entities) rather than ontological (concerning being) questions has led to a neglect or forgetfulness of the fundamental question of being.
2. **Question of Being**: Heidegger’s seminal work, "Being and Time," centers on reawakening the question of being (Seinsfrage). He believed that understanding being is the most profound philosophical inquiry, and yet it has been overshadowed by other concerns in the history of philosophy.
3. **Technological Thinking**: Heidegger critiqued modern technological thinking, which he saw as a manifestation of the forgetfulness of being. In his view, technology reduces the world to a collection of resources to be utilized, ignoring the deeper, more essential understanding of being. This instrumental thinking devalues and obscures the true nature of existence.
4. **Authentic Existence**: Forgetfulness of being, according to Heidegger, leads to inauthentic existence. He posited that individuals often live inauthentically, conforming to societal norms and distractions, rather than confronting the fundamental nature of their own being. Recalling the question of being encourages a more authentic mode of existence.
5. **Reconnecting with Being**: Heidegger believed that reconnecting with the question of being involves a different mode of thinking, which he called "meditative thinking." This form of thinking is contemplative and open to the mystery of being, contrasting with the calculative thinking that dominates modern technological society.
6. **Language and Poetry**: Heidegger saw language, especially poetry, as a means to recover the sense of being. He argued that poetic language has the power to reveal the world and being in ways that everyday language cannot. Poets and thinkers, in his view, play a crucial role in recalling the question of being.
In summary, Heidegger’s concept of the "forgetfulness of being" critiques the historical and philosophical neglect of the fundamental question of being. This forgetfulness, he argued, has profound implications for how we live and understand the world, urging a return to a more authentic engagement with existence.
What’s the significance of Roger Caillois’ game theory? (ChatGPT, 2024-7-24)
Roger Caillois was a French sociologist and anthropologist whose work on game theory, particularly in his book "Man, Play and Games" (1961), has been influential in understanding the role and significance of play in human culture. Here are some key points about the significance of Caillois' game theory:
1. **Classification of Games**: Caillois proposed a classification system for games that identified four fundamental categories, which he believed encompassed all types of play:
- **Agon**: Competitive games where skill and strategy are paramount (e.g., sports, chess).
- **Alea**: Games of chance where the outcome is determined by luck (e.g., lotteries, dice games).
- **Mimicry**: Role-playing or simulation games where players assume roles (e.g., theater, cosplay).
- **Ilinx**: Games that induce vertigo or a physical sensation of dizziness (e.g., roller coasters, spinning).
2. **Continuum of Play**: Caillois introduced a continuum between two poles of play:
- **Paidia**: Spontaneous, unstructured, and carefree play.
- **Ludus**: Structured, rule-bound, and competitive play.
This continuum helps understand the spectrum of play activities from freeform to highly organized.
3. **Cultural and Social Functions**: Caillois explored how different types of games and play serve various cultural and social functions. He argued that play is not just a leisure activity but a crucial component of human culture that reflects and reinforces social structures, norms, and values.
4. **Subversion and Conformity**: Caillois noted that while some forms of play reinforce social norms and hierarchies (e.g., competitive sports), others can subvert or challenge these norms (e.g., carnival, certain forms of mimicry). This dual nature of play highlights its potential for both social control and resistance.
5. **Psychological and Emotional Impact**: Caillois examined the psychological and emotional aspects of play, noting that different types of games can fulfill various human needs and desires, such as the thrill of competition, the joy of chance, the creativity of role-playing, and the physical exhilaration of movement.
6. **Influence on Game Studies**: Caillois' theories have had a lasting impact on the field of game studies, influencing subsequent research on the nature of play, game design, and the cultural significance of games. His work provides a framework for analyzing how different types of games contribute to individual development and social cohesion.
In summary, Roger Caillois' game theory is significant for its comprehensive classification of games, its insights into the cultural and social roles of play, and its influence on the academic study of games and play. His work helps us understand the multifaceted nature of play and its importance in human life.
Roger Caillois (1913-1978)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Caillois
a French intellectual whose idiosyncratic work brought together literary criticism, sociology, ludologyand philosophy by focusing on diverse subjects such as games and play as well as the sacred
Game studies, also known as ludology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_studies
Caillois distinguished four categories of games:
- Agon, or competition.[7] It's the form of play in which a specific set of skills is put to the test among players (strength, intelligence, memory). The winner is who proves to have mastery of said skill through the game, for example a quiz game is a competition of intelligence, the winner proves that it's more intelligent than the other players. E.g. chess.
- Alea, or chance,[7] the opposite of Agon, Caillois describes Alea as "the resignation of will, an abandonment to destiny." If Agon used the skills of players to determine a victor Alea leaves that to luck, an external agent decides who the victor is. E.g. playing a slot machine.
- Mimesis, or mimicry,[7] or role playing Caillois defines it as "When the individual plays to believe, to make himself or others believe that he is different from himself." E.g. playing an online role-playing game.
- Ilinx, which Caillois describes as "voluptuous panic"[7] in the sense of altering perception by experiencing a strong emotion (panic, fear, ecstasy) the stronger the emotion is, the stronger the sense of excitement and fun becomes. E.g. bungee jumping or Caillois's example of children spinning in a circle until they become dizzy.[7]
Caillois also described a dualistic polarity within which the four categories of games can be variously located:
- Paidia or uncontrolled fantasy, spontaneous play through improvisation, the rules of which are created during playing time. E.g. concerts and festivals.
- Ludus which requires effort, patience, skill, or ingenuity, the rules are set from the beginning and the game was designed before playing time. E.g. the Chinese game of Go.
What does Jean Baudrillard mean by the art of disappearance? (ChatGPT, 2024-7-24) (存在治療） （1130803）
Jean Baudrillard, a French sociologist and philosopher, often explored the concept of disappearance within the context of his theories on hyperreality and simulation. The "art of disappearance" refers to the phenomenon where reality is increasingly substituted by simulations or representations that become more real than reality itself. Here are some key points to understand Baudrillard's perspective:
1. **Hyperreality**: Baudrillard's idea of hyperreality describes a condition where the distinction between reality and the representation of reality (simulacra) blurs. In hyperreality, signs and symbols become detached from the real world and create their own self-referential world.
2. **Simulacra**: Baudrillard posited that contemporary society is dominated by simulacra—copies of objects or experiences that no longer have an original or authentic source. These simulacra are so pervasive that they replace or obscure the real.
3. **Disappearance of the Real**: In the art of disappearance, Baudrillard suggests that reality itself vanishes as it is replaced by hyperreal simulations. This disappearance is not a literal vanishing but a metaphorical one where reality is overshadowed by its representations.
4. **Media and Technology**: Baudrillard argued that modern media and technology contribute significantly to this disappearance. They create a constant flow of images and information that distracts and distances people from the real, leading to a world where simulations are accepted as reality.
5. **Illusion and Reality**: The art of disappearance also involves the interplay between illusion and reality, where the boundaries are so blurred that it becomes challenging to discern what is real and what is not. This creates a paradoxical situation where the more we seek to grasp reality, the more it slips away.
In summary, Jean Baudrillard's art of disappearance highlights the process by which reality is subsumed by hyperreal simulations, leading to a world where the real is increasingly elusive and replaced by images and representations.
7/24/24 （星期三）
颱風緩行，今夜登陸，明晨出海，意思是說，明天理應，再放一天，存一須備，五百足矣，夫復何求，獨孤九劍，斬殺東廠，蔡奇小洪，你要理解，滬寧只是，東廠小妾，意思是說，被太監玩的太監，至於太監拿什麼玩太監的太監，無無生有，十分有趣，再好不過，胡金銓獨喜明末，可見清朝乏善可陳，石雋 （b 1936) https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%9F%B3%E9%9B%8B 長相奇特，分明適合見鬼，徐楓 （b 1950) https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%BE%90%E6%9E%AB 歌聲極為難聽，歌詞意思是說，喝兩杯，對影成三人，打完炮，相忘于江湖，後赴上海，炒房有成，
耐看與不耐看 （存在治療）（1130803）
為什麼，有的電影耐看，有的不耐看，你要理解，這和懸宕情節動作卡司無關，這和是否有其風景有關，這和是否有其依附有關，意思是說，有風景，有依附，就耐看，無風景，無依附，就不耐看，意思是說，耐，是極其主觀的經驗，意思是說，耐，等同于物之恆定 （object constancy)，惟其物之恆定，方有自體之恆定 （self constancy)，當然，我們知道，兩者皆非恆定，意思是說，耐，實為無奈，
界限 （存在治療）（1130803）
你要理解，不趨近界限，不逾越界限，就無創作可言，詩是文字的界限，繼續閃耀吧！瘋狂鑽石，大勘定，是音樂的界限，殘酷劇場，是戲劇的界限，史賓諾沙尼采德勒茲，玩的就是哲學的界限，至于存在，好為人師的你告訴我，存在的界限是什麼，
註，界限（limit) 非界線 (border)，前者等同蟲洞，跨過去，就是傳說中的未知 （所謂 life nowhere)，後者等同邊防，跨過去，就是另一個國家 （所謂 life elsewhere)，意思是說，跨學科走線，走來走去，不過為了，最後的不歸的界限之旅做準備，
oeuvre (存在治療）（1130803）
the complete works of a writer, painter, or other artist
意思是說，存在就是創作，就是作品，就是作品全集，Guattari 曾感慨 Deleuze 不脫掛念作品成集，言下之意，Guattari 無意成集，或成集不得，你要理解，成集與否，是兩個不同的存在的命運，有意成集者，必隱含某種建築結構的概念，一磚一瓦，乍看離題，其實終將，回到它的位置，無意成集者，一路無譜，就地取材，即興創作，因緣和合，倏忽即逝，其最好的結局，當然就是，沒有名姓，宇宙塵埃，意思是說，成集等同奢華墓園（tomb，cemetery) ，不成集等同孤墳野塚 （荒郊野外孤立的墳塚。如：「暗夜裡，孤墳野塚總特別嚇人。」），
Tuesday, July 23, 2024
Madness, the absence of an œuvre (Foucault, 2006) (存在治療）（1130803）
https://foucault.info/documents/foucault.historyOfMadness/
Why Foucault defined madness as being without oeuvre? (ChatGPT, 2024-7-23)
Michel Foucault defined madness as being "without oeuvre" in his seminal work "Madness and Civilization" to emphasize the exclusion and marginalization of the mad from the realm of productive, recognized cultural and intellectual contributions. This concept illustrates how society historically viewed madness not just as a deviation from rationality but as a state devoid of meaningful output or legacy.
Foucault's argument is that madness, in its purest form, is seen as something that cannot contribute to the creation of an "oeuvre," which is a body of work or artistic and intellectual achievement. This exclusion reflects broader societal mechanisms of control and discipline, where the mad are silenced and their experiences and expressions are invalidated or rendered invisible within cultural and historical narratives. By defining madness as "without oeuvre," Foucault highlights the systemic denial of the mad’s potential to contribute to culture and knowledge, thus critiquing the structures that perpetuate their marginalization.
raison d'être (存在治療）（1130803）
reason for being，reason or justification for existence，存在的理由，有趣的是，存在分明是一場意外，意思是說，理由是 after the fact，事後瞎掰出來的，意思是說，欲加之罪，何患無辭 (春秋時晉獻公亡，大夫里克欲迎公子重耳，乃殺公子奚齊與卓，逼輔國大夫荀息自縊。夷吾即位，欲殺里克，乃遣使者告之曰：「微子則不及此。雖然，子弒二君與一大夫，為子君者，不亦難乎？」里克對曰：「不有廢也，君何以興？欲加之罪，其無辭乎？」乃伏劍自縊而死。典出《左傳．僖公十年》。後用以指存心誣陷他人，總是可以找到藉口。)，
7/23/24 （星期二）
颱風，萬安，~128，共匪三零一為領導延壽，原本計畫定為一百五十歲，後來考慮中國王朝過不了二百四十年，必然衰亡，遂定為二百四十歲，意思是說，唐朝唐太宗玩二百四十年，明朝朱元璋玩二百四十年，
Monday, July 22, 2024
俠女 （1970）（存在治療） （1130803）
https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E4%BF%A0%E5%A5%B3 （MyVideo)
苟全創作于亂世，不求聞達于共匪，
什麼是存在 （存在治療）（1130803）
夏日炎炎，你三天沒有洗澡，在火爐一般的高速公路上塞車，這就是存在，
夏日炎炎，你被新上任的主管，罵的跟孫子一樣，加班到十一點，半夜三點，又用 line 交代事情，這就是存在，
夏日炎炎，被賣青樓，紅牌雛妓，思念家人，老鴇說，今天接客一百二十四，就一客賞十元，許妳回家一天，這就是存在，
夏日炎炎，1975-4-4，張志新臨刑前的那天凌晨，為了防止她呼喊「反動」口號，她被獄警帶到一間辦公室裡，四個彪形大漢強行將她按倒在水泥地上。然後，在她的頸脖上墊了一塊磚，將她的頭、手、腳死死地壓住。其中一個人，用一把普通的刀，硬生生地割斷她的喉管。她劇疼難忍，悽厲呼喊，咬斷了舌頭，一會兒就再也發不聲音了。其狀極其悽慘、恐怖，以致旁邊的一個女管教看了昏厥過去。據《光明日報》記者陳禹山披露，在遼寧，張志新不是第一例行刑前被割斷喉管的囚犯，而是第30多例。
https://www.epochtimes.com/b5/24/4/4/n14217951.htm，https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%BC%A0%E5%BF%97%E6%96%B0，這就是存在，
夏日炎炎，2022-10-13，彭立發，四通橋，不要核酸要吃飯，不要文革要改革，不要封控要自由，不要領袖要選票，不要謊言要尊嚴，不做奴才做公民，https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E9%80%9A%E6%A1%A5%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6，這就是存在，
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