Friday, October 2, 2026

為何一直聽到音樂聲音

 一直聽到音樂聲音,最常見的原因是「耳蟲現象」(腦中一直循環一首歌)或是聽力退化引起的「音樂耳症候群」。 [1, 2]

音樂聲音的來源與成因很多,可以從以下幾個常見狀況來判斷:
常見原因
  • 耳蟲現象(Earworm):
    • 表現:腦中不斷重複播放某段熟悉的旋律或洗腦歌,感覺像被洗腦。
    • 原因:大腦自動記憶與運作的自然現象,通常在聽過某首歌後無意間被觸發,不需過度擔心。 [1, 2]
  • 音樂耳症候群(Musical Ear Syndrome,音樂性幻覺):
    • 表現:耳邊持續聽到熟悉的老歌、佛經或旋律,且自己知道這不是真實的外在聲音。
    • 原因:多與聽力退化、內耳訊號減少有關,大腦因為接收不到足夠的外界聲音,自動活化神經迴路去捕捉記憶中的聲音,常見於長者。 [1, 2]
  • 精神性幻覺:
    • 表現:聽到陌生的對話、批評、命令或辱罵聲,且分不清真實與否,甚至影響情緒與日常生活。
    • 原因:可能與精神或神經系統狀況有關,建議尋求專業醫師協助。 [1, 2]
帶你了解大腦為什麼會有洗腦旋律揮之不去的耳蟲現象:

diplopia differential diagnosis

https://eyewiki.org/Basic_Approach_to_Diplopia

Diplopia (double vision) is broadly split into monocular and binocular causes, distinguished by whether the double vision persists when covering one eye. [1, 2]

Monocular Diplopia
Persists when the unaffected eye is covered; typically originates within the eye itself rather than the nervous system. [1, 2]
  • Refractive & Ocular Surface: Uncorrected astigmatism, dry eye syndrome, tear-film abnormalities
  • Lens & Media: Cataracts, lens subluxation or dislocation
  • Corneal & Retinal: Corneal scars/irregularities (e.g., keratoconus), macular disease
  • Central (Rare): Cerebral polyopia (bilateral, persists in either single eye view, caused by occipital/visual cortex lesions) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
Binocular Diplopia
Resolves immediately when either eye is closed; indicates eye misalignment caused by neuromuscular, mechanical, or central/peripheral nervous system disorders. [1, 2]
  • Cranial Nerve (CN) Palsies:
    • CN III (Oculomotor): Causes ptosis, a "down and out" eye, and a dilated pupil; driven by microvascular ischemia (diabetes/hypertension), posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysms, or midbrain stroke.
    • CN IV (Trochlear): Causes vertical/torsional diplopia worse on downgaze and contralateral head tilt; caused by trauma, microvascular disease, or congenital decompensation.
    • CN VI (Abducens): Causes horizontal gaze failure/abduction deficit; caused by microvascular ischemia, elevated intracranial pressure, or pontine lesions. [1, 2, 3, 4]
  • Neuromuscular Junction:
    • Myasthenia Gravis: Fluctuating, fatigable extraocular weakness and ptosis with pupil-sparing ophthalmoplegia. [1, 2]
  • Extraocular Muscle & Orbital Disorders:
    • Thyroid Eye Disease (Graves'): Restrictive myopathy causing painful or painless restriction, lid retraction, and proptosis.
    • Orbital Pathologies: Orbital floor blowout fractures (muscle entrapment), orbital pseudotumor, inflammation, or neoplasm. [1, 2, 3]
  • Central / Supranuclear Pathways:
    • Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (INO): Lesion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) causing impaired adduction on gaze; frequently seen in Multiple Sclerosis or brainstem stroke.
    • Other Central Causes: Skew deviation, brainstem gliomas, Wernicke encephalopathy, or demyelinating disease. [1, 2, 3]
If you are evaluating a specific patient, tell me:
  • Is the double vision monocular or binocular?
  • Is it horizontal, vertical, or torsional?
  • Are there associated red flags (pain, ptosis, pupillary changes, or other neurological deficits)?
I can help narrow down the precise localization and differential.

Merck Manual

https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional

The most recent print version is The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, 20th Edition, which was published in 2018. [1, 2]
However, because medical knowledge evolves rapidly, the publisher has moved away from traditional print cycles. The most current, up-to-date version of the manual is now available digitally and for free online. It is continually updated by medical experts and split into two primary formats: [1, 2]
  • Merck Manual Professional Edition: Tailored for doctors, medical students, and healthcare practitioners, featuring in-depth clinical topics, 3D models, clinical calculators, and procedural videos. (Known as the MSD Manual outside of the United States and Canada). [1, 2]

10/2/26 (星期五)

Thursday, October 1, 2026

Mayday (2026-9-4)

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayday_(2026_film)

meme

https://callcarbar.com.tw/18035/2022-meme

《孟子•告子下》孟子曰:「天將降大任於是人也,必先苦其心志,勞其筋骨,餓其體膚,空乏其身,行拂亂其所為,所以動心忍性,增益其所不能。」看似老生常談,但時至今日,仍有激勵人心的作用。 請以「行拂亂其所為」為題,作文一篇。(40 分)

孟子曰:「舜發於畎畝之中,傅說舉於版築之閒,膠鬲舉於魚鹽之中,管夷吾舉於士,孫叔敖舉於海,百里奚舉於市。故天將降大任於是人也,必先苦其心志,勞其筋骨,餓其體膚,空乏其身,行拂亂其所為,所以動心忍性,曾益其所不能。人恒過,然後能改;困於心,衡於慮,而後作;徵於色,發於聲,而後喻。入則無法家拂士,出則無敵國外患者,國恒亡。然後知生於憂患而死於安樂也。」
出自 《孟子•告子下》

Rat race(與老鼠賽跑)

Rat race(直譯為「老鼠賽跑」)指的是現代社會中,人們為了追求金錢、地位與權力,而陷入永無止境、激烈且令人身心俱疲的競爭生活方式。 [1, 2]

詞源與由來
  • 畫面比喻:這個詞源於實驗室裏的倉鼠在滾輪裏拼命奔跑的景象。雖然跑得精疲力竭,但實際上卻原地打轉、哪裡也去不了,用來比喻努力工作卻無法真正累積財富或獲得意義。
  • 華語對應詞:在中文語境中,這個概念常被比擬為「內卷」或「你死我活的競爭」。 [1, 2, 3]
常見例句
  • "He decided to get out of the rat race and move to the countryside."
    (他決定退出這場永無止境的激烈競爭,搬到鄉下去生活。)
  • "I'm so tired of the corporate rat race."
    (我真的很厭倦企業裏這種拼命互相競爭的生活。)
     [1]

毛臘肉說事情正在起變化(意思是說屌正在勃起)

https://www.marxists.org/chinese/maozedong/1968/3-125.htm

https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E4%BA%8B%E6%83%85%E6%AD%A3%E5%9C%A8%E8%B5%B7%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96


《事情正在起變化》是毛澤東於1957年5月中旬撰寫的黨內內部文章,標誌著中共對外「百花齊放、百家爭鳴」的整風運動轉向為「反右運動」的引蛇出洞策略。 [1, 2, 3]

背景與由來
  • 時間:1957年5月15日完稿,隨後在黨內高級幹部中印發。 [1, 2]
  • 起因:當時中共推行「雙百方針」鼓勵黨外知識分子和民主黨派對黨和政府提出批評。然而批評的聲浪超出預期,許多言論開始質疑共產黨的領導與社會主義制度。 [1, 2, 3]
  • 政策轉向:毛澤東在這篇文章中認為政治形勢「正在起變化」,提出應採取「誘敵深入、聚而殲之」的策略,讓右派言論達到頂點以暴露出真實立場,隨後再發起反擊。 [1, 2]
核心內容與策略
  • 標靶轉變:文章指出過去幾個月只顧批判教條主義,卻放過了「修正主義」。
  • 劃分陣營:將當時的知識分子與黨內外群眾劃分為左派(約20%)、中間派(約70%)及右派(約1%至10%)。
  • 引蛇出洞:縱容右派繼續進攻,藉此孤立少數反對派、教育中間大多數,為隨後全面展開的反右運動奠定政治與輿論基礎。 [1, 2, 3, 4]
後世與當代常借用「事情正在起變化」這句話,來形容政治風向、社會局勢或權力鬥爭即將發生重大轉折或清洗。