Friday, December 7, 2018

這段話應可說明關係學派和 deficit-model (self psychology and middle school) 的差別 - 他們面對的是不同的病人


For example, middle school Object-Relations analysts tend to conceptualize many of their patients as developmentally deficient or “egoless,” creating an analytic model that situates the analyst in the role of a good enough mother, repairing and compensating for the damage done by the original parents. I view this as an essentially pediatric model that situates analysts as developed adults and patients as underdeveloped babies. Analysts who stick closely to the traditional Self-Psychological model also tend to view patients as deficient—not fully developed and internally lacking something very fundamental. Through the provision of optimal empathy, a quality viewed as insufficient during development, patients may incorporate being known by their adult and sufficient analysts and, in the context of these supplies, are more likely to recharge a stunted development. I believe that this configuration bears close resemblance to the hierarchical parent–child or adult–child or sufficient therapist–deficient patient model described above.

In contrast, the Interpersonal tradition is biased toward viewing adult patients as adults, independent of how well or poorly they are functioning in the world. No one is viewed as lacking any semblance of a self or as developmentally deficient, egoless, or lacking a mind. Fundamentally, people are seen as adapting to their life circumstances and making the unconsciously driven pragmatic compromises necessary to best survive in their universe. One may see these compromises less as weaknesses than as adaptive strengths—a stable way to survive and to make the best of any adverse interpersonal history that one has been dealt. In this context patients may be seen less as deficient than as sufficient and resilient in an effort to make the best life possible in the context of perhaps difficult exogenous personal and cultural life circumstances.

Further Developments in Interpersonal Psychoanalysis, 1980s-2010s: Evolving Interest in the Analyst’s Subjectivity (Psychoanalysis in a New Key Book Series) (pp. 6-7). Taylor and Francis. 2018, Kindle edition.