https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1755_Lisbon_earthquake
Seismologists estimate the Lisbon earthquake had a magnitude of 7.7[4][5] or greater[6] on the moment magnitude scale, with its epicenter in the Atlantic Ocean about 200 km (110 nmi; 120 mi) west-southwest of Cape St. Vincent, a cape in Algarve region, and about 290 km (160 nmi; 180 mi) southwest of Lisbon.
Approximately 40 minutes after the earthquake, a tsunamiengulfed the harbor and downtown area, rushing up the Tagus river[7] "so fast that several people riding on horseback ... were forced to gallop as fast as possible to the upper grounds for fear of being carried away." It was followed by two more waves.
Theodor Adorno wrote, "the earthquake of Lisbon sufficed to cure Voltaire of the theodicy of Leibniz" (Negative Dialectics 361).
Hamacher claims that the foundational certainty of René Descartes' philosophy began to shake following the Lisbon earthquake.[27]
