Friday, September 30, 2016

Since the Late Pleistocene Humans Were Already Radically Transforming the Earth (Jackson Landers, June 7, 2016)

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/new-research-shows-late-pleistocene-humans-transforming-habitats-180959324/?no-ist

According to the paper, those four major periods of habitat transformations by humans include the Late Pleistocene dispersal of humans nearly everywhere around the globe; the spread of agriculture beginning in the Early Holocene; the colonization of the world’s islands; and the expansion of urbanization and trade beginning in the Bronze Age.



Three-age system

The three-age system in archaeology and physical anthropology is the periodization of human prehistory and history into three consecutive time periods, named for their respective tool-making technologies:
  • The Stone Age: The period lasted roughly 3.4 million years, and ended between 8700 BCE (or BC) and 2000 BCE with the advent of metalworking. 
  • The Bronze Age
  • The Iron Age:  The start of the Iron Age proper is considered by many to fall between around 1200 BCE to 600 BCE, depending on the region. In most parts of the world, its end is defined by the widespread adoption of writing, and therefore marks the transition from prehistory to history. (wikipedia)


Bronze AgeNeolithicStone Age
Dates are approximate, consult particular article for details

The Neolithic AgeEra, or Period, or New Stone Age, was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 10,200 BC, according to the ASPRO chronology, in some parts of the Middle East, and later in other parts of the world and ending between 4,500 and 2,000 BC.
Traditionally considered the last part of the Stone Age, the Neolithic followed the terminal Holocene Epipaleolithic period and commenced with the beginning of farming, which produced the "Neolithic Revolution". It ended when metal tools became widespread (in the Copper Age or Bronze Age; or, in some geographical regions, in the Iron Age). The Neolithic is a progression of behavioral and cultural characteristics and changes, including the use of wild and domestic crops and of domesticated animals. (wikipedia)

Human timeline