https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niklas_Luhmann#Publications
- 1984: Soziale Systeme: Grundriß einer allgemeinen Theorie, Frankfurt: Suhrkamp
(English translation: Social Systems, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995) - https://uberty.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Niklas_Luhmann_Social_Systems.pdf
See also
https://oxfordre.com/politics/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228637-e-7
https://medium.com/deterritorialization/social-systems-and-autopoiesis-a34f52fe9da1
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/004839319902900402?icid=int.sj-abstract.similar-articles.8
http://socialsciences.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-45222006000100004
https://philpapers.org/rec/LUHTTO
Influenced by second-order cybernetics, Luhmann instead treats systems as autopoietic and operationally closed.[17][18]
Systems must continually construct themselves and their perspective of reality through processing the distinction between system and environment, and self-reproduce themselves as the product of their own elements.
Social systems are defined by Luhmann not as action but as recursive communication.
