The temperatures of the Sun, the planets in the Solar System, and Earth's Moon vary widely due to their compositions, distances from the Sun, and atmospheres (or lack thereof). Here are the typical temperature ranges:
1. **The Sun**:
- **Core Temperature**: About 15 million degrees Celsius (27 million degrees Fahrenheit).
- **Surface (Photosphere) Temperature**: About 5,500 degrees Celsius (9,932 degrees Fahrenheit).
2. **The Planets**:
- **Mercury**:
- Daytime Temperature: Up to 430 degrees Celsius (800 degrees Fahrenheit).
- Nighttime Temperature: Down to -180 degrees Celsius (-290 degrees Fahrenheit).
- **Venus**:
- Surface Temperature: About 465 degrees Celsius (869 degrees Fahrenheit). Venus has a very thick atmosphere, causing a strong greenhouse effect.
- **Earth**:
- Average Surface Temperature: About 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit). This varies widely from region to region and season to season.
- **Mars**:
- Surface Temperature: Ranges from about -125 degrees Celsius (-195 degrees Fahrenheit) in winter at the poles to 20 degrees Celsius (68 degrees Fahrenheit) in summer at the equator.
- **Jupiter**:
- Cloud Top Temperature: About -145 degrees Celsius (-234 degrees Fahrenheit). Jupiter's core is much hotter, but the temperature at the cloud tops is a typical reference.
- **Saturn**:
- Cloud Top Temperature: About -178 degrees Celsius (-288 degrees Fahrenheit).
- **Uranus**:
- Cloud Top Temperature: About -224 degrees Celsius (-371 degrees Fahrenheit). Uranus is the coldest planet in the Solar System.
- **Neptune**:
- Cloud Top Temperature: About -214 degrees Celsius (-353 degrees Fahrenheit).
3. **The Moon**:
- Daytime Temperature: Up to 127 degrees Celsius (260 degrees Fahrenheit).
- Nighttime Temperature: Down to -173 degrees Celsius (-280 degrees Fahrenheit).
These temperatures highlight the extreme conditions found throughout the Solar System, from the scorching heat of Venus to the frigid cold of the outer planets and the Moon's surface.
