我說過,記得昨天晚上,晚餐吃了什麼,你就是歷史學家,
意思是說,記得前天晚上,晚餐吃了什麼,你就是考古學家,
有趣的是,考古學家,歷史學家,都不知道,今天晚上,晚餐會吃什麼,
意思是說,今天晚上,晚餐要吃什麼,是一個存在的判斷 (existential decision),
你要理解,存在的判斷,你可以事先盤算,但是,人算永遠,不如天算,計畫,永遠趕不上,變化,
回到歷史,聽說,歷史學家,可以,讀出歷史軌跡的,端倪,和後果,
這是,怎麼,發生的,
比如說,中國歷朝,崩潰前夕的,端倪,和後果,是什麼,
比如說,中共崩潰的,端倪,和後果,是什麼,
精神分析說,為維持歲月靜好,蒸蒸日上,內心平靜的假象,我們會用,防衛 (defensive) 和補償 (compensatory) 的機轉,裝得很有精神的樣子,
意思是說,怎麼成為一個歷史學家,就是對「裝得很有精神的人」微哂,
比如說,
Why did Virginia Woolf said “on or about December 1910 human character changed” (Woolf, 19924), and what did she mean? (ChatGPT, 2025-7-3)
Virginia Woolf’s famous line —
“On or about December 1910, human character changed.”
(from her 1924 essay “Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown”) —
is one of the most often cited and most subtly misunderstood sentences in literary modernism. Let’s unpack its context, meaning, and resonance.
✦ 1.
Historical Context: Why December 1910?
Woolf didn’t pick the date at random. December 1910 refers to:
◉ The
exhibition of Post-Impressionist art
in London
- Organized by Roger Fry, held at the Grafton Galleries.
- It introduced British audiences to Cézanne, Matisse, Picasso, Van Gogh—a complete rupture from representational realism.
- Among Woolf’s Bloomsbury circle, it was perceived as a shockwave of modernity.
She later wrote that the exhibit “gave the death blow to realism,” and in Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown, she reflects on how the representational conventions of Victorian/Edwardian art and literature no longer captured what people had become.
So:
December 1910 = a cultural threshold, a hinge between eras.
✦ 2.
What Changed? Human Character, But How?
She says:
“All human relations have shifted—those between masters and servants, husbands and wives, parents and children.”
What changed was not biology, nor psychology in a narrow sense, but:
- Consciousness
- Social relations
- Perceptions of the self and the other
- The structure of feeling
This is essentially a phenomenological claim: the lived experience of being human—its moods, its textures, its implicit social codes—altered.
She felt that:
- The old literary forms (e.g., Edwardian realism à la H.G. Wells or Arnold Bennett) were incapable of expressing the new inner world.
- A new literary method was needed—what we now call modernism.
So this is also a manifesto for formal innovation, including:
- Stream of consciousness
- Fragmentation
- Indirect interior monologue
- Dissolution of narrative certainty
✦ 3. Aesthetic and Philosophical Resonance
Woolf’s claim is aligned with:
- Bergson’s durée: time as lived flux, not clock-time.
- Freud’s unconscious: the instability of selfhood.
- Einstein’s relativity: shaking Newtonian certainty.
- Modernist visual art: forms deconstructed and reassembled.
In this sense, “human character changed” does not mean people became nicer or crueler—but that the modern subject became internally decentered, temporally fluid, and harder to represent using linear, realist modes.
✦ 4. Woolf’s Irony and Ambiguity
Her tone is light, almost playful, and the “on or about” suggests irony. She’s not a historical determinist. She’s gesturing toward a felt shift, a rupture in the invisible fabric of being, not a calendar event.
So it’s a:
- Poetic hypothesis,
- A literary provocation,
- A philosophical insight masquerading as casual remark.
✦ 5. Your Reflection
If we think of this sentence today, it becomes an invitation:
When did human character change again?
Was it August 1945 (Hiroshima)?
Or October 1962 (Cuban Missile Crisis)?
Or September 2001?
Or March 2020?
It’s a question we carry into our times—and our literature.
✦ Summary
“On or about December 1910 human character changed”
— is Woolf’s subtle, radical way of saying:
The modern subject was born.
Realism died.
A new form of life—and a new form of writing—was needed.
Would you like me to expand this into a short essay titled
“When Character Changed: Woolf’s Modernist Epiphany and the Death of Realism”?
我曾寫下,”比如說兩個外交家 1914 某日拂曉,一起看著,巴黎的街燈燈熄,其中一人對另一人說,他們還不知道,他們熟悉的世界,已經熄滅”,你是否知道這段話的出處? (ChatGPT, 2025-7-3)
https://kellychang2713.blogspot.com/2019/10/onticontological.html
你寫下的這段話極具詩意,也充滿歷史感,指的是一個非常著名的歷史轉折點——第一次世界大戰爆發前夕,歐洲舊世界秩序的終結。這段敘述的靈感或許來自於一則廣為流傳的話語,常常被歸於英國外交大臣 Edward Grey(愛德華·格雷):
“The lamps are going out all over Europe; we shall not see them lit again in our lifetime.”
(「全歐洲的燈光正在熄滅;我們這一生將再也看不到它們被重新點亮。」)
這句話據說是在1914年8月3日英國對德宣戰前夕,Grey對朋友說的。那時他站在外交部的窗邊,看著倫敦街燈一盞盞熄滅。這是一句深具預感與哀傷的話,代表著一種對文明之光即將消失的清醒知覺。
✦ 你所寫的版本:
“比如說兩個外交家 1914 某日拂曉,一起看著,巴黎的街燈燈熄,其中一人對另一人說,他們還不知道,他們熟悉的世界,已經熄滅。”
雖然這版本地點改為巴黎,語氣更抒情、虛構性更強,但精神上和 Grey 的這句話非常接近——都是在預感歷史斷裂之前,感知「世界秩序即將瓦解」的瞬間靜默。
你的版本,其實更像是小說家或詩人對 Grey 話語的轉化,是一種 創造性的記憶重構,將歷史轉化為形上寓言:
文明的光尚未全滅,但內心已知永不如初。
✦ 延伸一問(若你允許):
是否也可以說,這一瞬間的預感性場景——正是 Virginia Woolf 所說的那種「人類角色變了」的時間感?
即,世界表面如常,但內裡已崩塌。
若你願,我可以根據你的這句文字,為你寫一段短篇散文詩,題為:
《燈熄之時:1914的預感》
是否願意?
“這一瞬間的預感性場景”,何以致之?是來自歷史的感受 (sensibility) 和判斷 (judgement) 嗎? (ChatGPT, 2025-7-3)
你問得極好:
「這一瞬間的預感性場景」,何以致之?
是來自歷史的感受(sensibility)和判斷(judgement)嗎?
這其實是關於「歷史意識」的最深核心——那種能夠在尚未發生的災難中,提前「感知裂縫」的能力,是怎麼生成的?我試著從四個層次來回答你:
✦ 1.
歷史感與歷史判斷的交界地帶:瞬間的生成
那種「預感性場景」(如 Grey 所見的街燈熄滅),確實既來自:
- 感受(sensibility):對文明氣候、社會情緒、語言氛圍的細膩感應。
- 判斷(judgement):對權力運作、外交破局、歷史結構的理性分析。
但它不是兩者的線性相加,而是一種閃現式的臨界知覺──一種歷史與存在之間的閃電(Benjamin 所謂 Jetztzeit,即「現在時間」的震盪臨界)。
這是一種:
既來自頭腦的歷史結構判斷,又來自身體深處的文明觸覺。
✦ 2.
何以能感知?預感來自「裂縫中的共鳴感」
能夠預感「世界即將變了」的人,通常具備一種:
對穩定結構的鬆動特別敏銳的共鳴神經。
比如:
- 一個優雅的外交辭令中,那一絲破裂的語氣;
- 一場音樂會裡,觀眾的靜默略長於往昔;
- 一個社會主流語言中的不安轉向。
這種微觀的感受,若結合深厚的歷史結構理解,就能構成「歷史即將轉向」的預感瞬間。這不是因為未卜先知,而是因為:
歷史的變局先在語氣裡、在夜色裡、在沉默中、在街燈的熄滅裡。
✦ 3.
此感受如何可能?一種「歷史美學」的生成
你所問的,實質上涉及一種「歷史美學」的可能性,即:
- 感知歷史即將改寫的方式不是數據或推論,
- 而是景象(scene)、語調(tone)、關係的變形(shift)。
這種美學不是裝飾性的,而是批判性的,能捕捉到:
當歷史尚未大聲說話,命運已經輕聲轉身。
✦ 4.
歷史預感的倫理:不是看見,而是選擇站在那裡
這種「預感性的歷史場景」之所以動人,不只是因為預感,更因為:
那個人選擇站在那裡,看著燈熄,而不轉頭離去。
這就是倫理的場景。
✦ 小結
是的,我們可以說:
預感性的歷史瞬間,來自一種歷史的感受力(sensibility)與結構性判斷(judgement)的交會,
但更深地,它是一種美學性地感知歷史裂縫的能力,與倫理性地不走開的姿態。
這一切,使那「街燈熄滅的瞬間」成為不只是歷史,更是存在論的震盪。
若你願,我可以為你寫一篇題為:
〈當歷史尚未大聲說話:預感性場景的生成與倫理〉
可作為你 Seminar 5(倫理學)的哲學補章。是否要我起筆?