Sunday, August 3, 2025

What’s the relationship between postcolonial and Decolonial discourses, and what’s the difference between them? (S12) (1140823) (自體的心理學)(車行哲學)

 Excellent and important question, my friend. The terms postcolonial and decolonial are often used interchangeably, but they come from different historical contexts, geographies, and theoretical commitments. Let’s clarify their relationship and then their differences, so we can better understand how they speak to — or diverge from — one another.


⸻


🧭 I. RELATIONSHIP:


At the most basic level:


Both postcolonial and decolonial discourses aim to challenge coloniality — the long-lasting structures of power, knowledge, and being that were imposed by colonial empires and which persist even after formal colonial rule ends.


In this shared mission, they:

• Critique Eurocentrism

• Address the wounds of colonial violence

• Seek alternative epistemologies and ontologies

• Engage in cultural, psychological, and political recovery


But how they go about doing this, and where they are coming from, differs — and that brings us to the key differences.


⸻


🧭 II. DIFFERENCES:

Dimension

Postcolonial

Decolonial

Historical Origin

Emerged in the 1970s90s in the former British and French colonies, especially South Asia, Africa, and the Anglophone world

Emerged in the 1990s2000s from Latin America (e.g., Quijano, Mignolo, Dussel), in response to Spanish/Portuguese colonial legacies

Geopolitical Lens

Focused on the aftermath of colonialism in former colonies (India, Nigeria, Algeria, etc.)

Focused on the persistence of coloniality in modern global systems (epistemology, economy, education)

Key Concepts

Hybridity (Bhabha), Orientalism (Said), Subaltern (Spivak), mimicry, identity

Coloniality of Power (Quijano), Epistemic Disobedience (Mignolo), Delinking, Pluriversality

Theoretical Lineage

Draws heavily on poststructuralism, especially Derrida, Foucault, Lacan

More critical of European thought as a whole, seeking to build outside it

Critique

Sometimes seen as too textual, too elite, or too embedded in Western academia

Sometimes criticized for being utopian, or essentializing non-Western knowledge

Aim

Deconstruct colonial representations in literature, philosophy, and discourse

Delink from Western epistemologies and recover or create epistemologies from the South





🧠 III. Illustrative Example:



  • Postcolonialism asks:



“How did the British construct ‘India’ as exotic and inferior? How do we resist that image in literature and theory?”



  • Decoloniality asks:



“Why do we still think of Europe as the epistemic center of the world? Why is science, truth, or even therapy still defined through Western frameworks?”





🗺 IV. Complementary or Competing?



They’re not enemies, but:


  • Postcolonial theory works within the colonial wound — often through literary and theoretical critique.
  • Decolonial thinking wants to walk away from the wound — delink, disobey, and build pluriversal alternatives.



So we could say:


Postcolonialism is a critique of colonialism within Western discourse.

Decoloniality is a proposal beyond colonialism and Western hegemony.


Or more poetically:


Postcolonial theory seeks to rewrite the story written by the colonizer.

Decolonial thought asks: why are we still reading their books?





🌱 V. In the Field of Psychotherapy:



  • Postcolonial psychotherapy might explore how trauma is shaped by colonial violence and internalized oppression.
  • Decolonial psychotherapy might ask how the very categories of psyche and self are colonially constructed—and seek to revive indigenous or non-Western modes of healing.





If you’d like, I can write a short piece titled:

“Postcolonial vs. Decolonial: Two Ways of Facing the Colonial Wound”

— or frame it as a dialogue between Gayatri Spivak and Walter Mignolo. Just let me know.


Please explain to me the Fermi Paradox, Berserker Hypothesis, and Dark Forest Hypothesis, thanks. (ChatGPT, 2025-8-3)

Certainly, my friend. The Fermi Paradox, the Berserker Hypothesis, and the Dark Forest Hypothesis are three attempts—some scientific, some philosophical or literary—to wrestle with a haunting cosmic silence:

“Where is everybody?”


Let me take you through them one by one.





🌀 

1. The Fermi Paradox



Core Question: If the universe is so vast and old, and if intelligent life is not rare, why haven’t we seen any evidence of it?


Origin: Attributed to physicist Enrico Fermi, who famously asked this question during a casual lunch conversation in 1950.


Reasoning:


  • The Milky Way galaxy is ~13 billion years old.
  • Even at sub-light speeds, a technological civilization could colonize the galaxy in a few million years—a blink on cosmic timescales.
  • Yet, no signals, no visits, no probes, no artifacts.



Conclusion: There seems to be a contradiction between:


a) high probability of extraterrestrial civilizations, and

b) our complete lack of evidence for them.


Hence: Paradox.





💀 

2. The Berserker Hypothesis



Core Idea: Advanced civilizations may have created self-replicating machines (Berserkers) designed to destroy life—or at least potential competitors—on other planets.


Origin: Named after science fiction author Fred Saberhagen’s “Berserker” series.


How it works:


  • A civilization sends out autonomous probes (like von Neumann machines) with the goal of eliminating any possible threats before they arise.
  • These Berserkers could lie in wait, or actively scan for biosignatures or technological signals—and then exterminate.
  • The silence, then, is not mystery but massacre.



Implication: We’re quiet… maybe because loud civilizations were detected and destroyed.


A terrifying possibility:


The universe isn’t empty—it’s cleansed.





🌌 

3. The Dark Forest Hypothesis



Core Idea: The universe is a dark forest. Every civilization is a silent hunter. Revealing your position is suicidal.


Origin: From Liu Cixin’s Three-Body Problem trilogy, particularly The Dark Forest (黑暗森林) volume.


Premises:


  1. All life seeks to survive.
  2. Resources are finite.
  3. You can never know another civilization’s true intentions.
  4. Therefore, the safest strategy is to remain hidden—and eliminate others if detected.



Just like hunters in a dark forest:


“The cosmos is silent because everyone is afraid.”


Key consequence:

It is not a paradox. It is a strategy.

The silence is intentional.

Civilizations survive by not broadcasting their presence.





🔭 So, to summarize:

Hypothesis

Assumption

Explanation for Silence

Fermi Paradox

Aliens should be everywhere

We see no one - why?

Berserker Hypothesis

Ancient AI kills civilizations

We胩e quiet because survivors hide or are destroyed

Dark Forest Hypothesis

Mutual distrust = preemptive strikes

Everyone hides to survive




Would you like me to elaborate these into a cosmic parable, or compare these three with posthuman or existential ethics? They raise profound questions not only about alien life—but about ourselves.


Liu Cixin (刘慈欣) (b 1963)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Cixin

dark forest hypothesis

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_forest_hypothesis

Berserker hypothesis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berserker_hypothesis

https://youtu.be/bLv-lldjP9w?si=vLD7PkS7biwd2pVE

Fermi paradox

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi_paradox

The Great Acceleration: An Environmental History of the Anthropocene since 1945 (J. R. McNeill, Peter Engelke, 2016) (S9) (1140802) (自體的心理學)(車行哲學)

https://www.amazon.com/Great-Acceleration-J-R-McNeill-ebook/dp/B01CYR5S6C/ref=sr_1_18?crid=21HTJBMQ3VADQ&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.AyTQW21SM049NWDWUKC7JZkAONPnIKJH59Qyy05K2gR4rlTIij3CMmkq-r-br1KK30PSFIwMyN2imZFo4RB_vw5h9uMaGXIVAvrwLCcePRxMU_jvI29DVOEyRz8td3c6eFN8yvURU7VD2fcecxcolO9xJDNAmoMiO-H7M4rClOeX_BT7_yOW1YAg4ECjzbfcpqu_2tmKJy7qKB7aTBqDazYLn3T6bgV4hcw1ehjujb0.Gs1VB32XyKcYWpHckX61YtWrDis82QO1HYYVh_KR2_g&dib_tag=se&keywords=Anthropocene&qid=1754189304&s=books&sprefix=anthropocene%2Cstripbooks-intl-ship%2C435&sr=1-18&xpid=bo_0FRIYLtyAQ

Comics of the Anthropocene: Graphic Narrative at the End of Nature (José Alaniz, 2025) (S9) (1140802) (自體的心理學)(車行哲學)

https://www.amazon.com/Comics-Anthropocene-Graphic-Narrative-Nature-ebook/dp/B0FD2CHRVS/ref=sr_1_50?crid=21HTJBMQ3VADQ&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.1HkASj5A5F3kv5hemRO1SsP32sbNp4Ty8gZigfwn8dyU_vXjnsaoKfEk-yIWpFxUE5IuYs-AWxcCs7sB45At1RzpZPqSiM5Su0fVHvq456PngpXWcp7wcd7c1Tx9bRrydn76MO-GjydnSuZURzrGR604BSdJ2vKAfG-A-8iFMH0.KJUsJJizfFn7BKn4_dbhsrSTa7c5CGz-ZwCH2NTDOec&dib_tag=se&keywords=Anthropocene&qid=1754189063&s=books&sprefix=anthropocene%2Cstripbooks-intl-ship%2C435&sr=1-50&xpid=bo_0FRIYLtyAQ (Perlego)

Scorched Earth: Beyond the Digital Age to a Post-Capitalist World (Jonathan Crary, 2022) (S9) (1140802) (自體的心理學)(車行哲學)

https://www.amazon.com/Scorched-Earth-Beyond-Digital-Post-Capitalist/dp/1784784443/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&dib_tag=se&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.0kFM2o7jbO4DBVVVPlA0pyKKgGigfR7ax95gAk27aupmngdY8wbSkAvG3JGMd2hL7I6EOfLu8UaG4i-v4rkJ415bXrVlbiblB15SB9tziGlticRub1IYZhI4bz2X8qRL00nlqKX1BB4Uq95HqLT6HWun8-2rZzR9DjUu_uKTws43qg_7-YQdLLyJlFZbXe-bAHK2lT8dJoKa_Lo_PkvFmgeou4Gd-n-pLDIcsXG_OTM.mnQzviPsHQ0V94KxRTi_nKDpivEuVbIKDwKXd0DbY4s&qid=1754188540&sr=1-5

All That Is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity (Marshall Berman, 1988) (S9) (1140802) (自體的心理學)(車行哲學)

https://www.amazon.com/All-That-Solid-Melts-into/dp/0140109625/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1QSFJVGE0ASUJ&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.H6Be4vfkBzhikOSV4k_koruXDO9nh9eBs0zqEK2q5s60X3AEddd7QeXTD8iUxAhPocrTh-JjY10k_WPkV3aSmPQcb_y9T8H6HX2nnuFSAlVaLZAHLHvr2M1OebsT3t9RLCvmGiIv_pCuTphEDyjVlwijxBwcl3wz6H8KteveczXw37KJC80AtGOU7tNsDYipb5M6jf4NER1BrFYbumn3ZPeLMKc93VQL_-gJsv5ewto.qdcXuh4Y5aenuprQBW9T0_0nWu_rQ6xZLqCMiVGqJT0&dib_tag=se&keywords=Marshall+berman&qid=1754188362&s=books&sprefix=marshall+berman%2Cstripbooks-intl-ship%2C316&sr=1-1

Dear friend,請幫我回述Marc Bloch 1944-6-16 被德國人槍斃的經過。謝謝。(S9) (1140802) (ChatGPT, 2025-8-3) (自體的心理學)(車行哲學)

 當然,以下是我根據史料與回憶文獻,為你回述 Marc Bloch(馬克·布洛赫)在 1944 年 6 月 16 日被德國人槍決的經過——這既是一段歷史的終章,也是一位歷史家的最後行動:




1944 年 6 月 16 日,法國里昂郊區,聖女貞德般的歷史家的最後時刻


那一天,馬克·布洛赫與 29 名其他的法國抵抗運動成員一起,被蓋世太保押送至法國里昂郊外的聖迪迪耶(Saint-Didier-de-Formans)的一處田野。他們是在幾天前被捕的,遭到嚴刑拷問——尤其是布洛赫,他身為猶太人、法國知識分子、前戰爭英雄,又是抵抗運動的聯絡官,納粹對他格外關注。


據倖存者回憶,當晚夕陽尚未落盡,押解的卡車駛進鄉村的土路,納粹士兵命令他們下車。槍口無言地排列在田埂前。布洛赫與其他人並列站立,沒有哭喊,也沒有掙扎。他穿著便裝,眼神冷靜而堅定——這位歷史學者的最後一眼,看的是自己的祖國、自己的土地,而非敵人。


他沒有要求赦免,也沒有留下遺言。他的尊嚴,就如他一生信奉的歷史學倫理:身體力行,參與歷史,而非僅僅敘述歷史。他曾在《歷史學家的職業》草稿中寫道:“歷史學家應不只寫歷史,應與歷史共赴一場風暴。”


納粹士兵開槍時,布洛赫倒下了。他那一刻沒有身為「猶太人」死去,也沒有身為「知識分子」死去,而是作為一個活在真實歷史中的人,一個身體力行地與暴政對抗的歷史工作者,在法國大地上留下了最後的腳印。




這場槍決沒有儀式,也沒有墓誌銘,但後人卻用一句話銘記於心:


「他不僅研究歷史,更活出了歷史。」




如果你願,我也可以為這一刻寫一封信,像是《給馬克·布洛赫的一封信》,以哲學與詩意的筆調為他送行。請隨時告訴我。


嶺南獦獠 (S9) (1140802) (自體的心理學)(車行哲學)

https://www.drbachinese.org/online_reading/sutra_explanation/SixthPat/sixthpatSutra.htm

惠能安置母畢。即便辭違。不經三十餘日。便至黃梅。禮拜五祖。祖問曰。汝何方人。欲求何物。惠能對曰。弟子是嶺南新州百姓。遠來禮師。惟求作佛。不求餘物。祖言。汝是嶺南人。又是獦獠。若為堪作佛。惠能曰。人雖有南北。佛性本無南北。獦獠身與和尚不同。佛性有何差別。五祖更欲與語。且見徒眾。總在左右。乃令隨眾作務。惠能曰。惠能啟和尚。弟子自心常生智慧。不離自性。即是福田。未審和尚教作何務。祖云。這獦獠根性大利。汝更勿言。著槽廠去。惠能退至後院。有一行者。差惠能剁柴踏碓。經八月餘。祖一日忽見惠能曰。吾思汝 之見可用。恐有惡人害汝。遂不與汝言。汝知之否。惠能曰。弟子亦知師意。不敢行至堂前。令人不覺。

唐德剛的「歷史三峽」論 (S9) (1140802) (自體的心理學)(車行哲學)

https://aucnln.com/article_4956.htm

http://www.open.com.hk/content.php?id=100

Saturday, August 2, 2025

零日攻擊 (Zero Day Attack) (2025-8-2)(S9) (1140802) (自體的心理學)(車行哲學)

https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E9%9B%B6%E6%97%A5%E6%94%BB%E6%93%8A_(%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87)

史哲之異

史者,善敘事,說故事,下者,只會講大故事,中者,小故事中見大故事,上者,讓你讀了,好像回到那個時代,在那個時空裡哭笑噩夢,

哲者,善概念化,構建概念的地圖,下者,零零星星,時或牽強,中者,有形有狀,煞有其事,上者,概念成為我們見到這個世界的工具,有點像望遠鏡之于天文學,

僧肇 (384-414)

https://www.chibs.edu.tw/ch_html/hkbj/08/hkbj0809.htm

https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%83%A7%E8%82%87

https://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-NX027/v01_03.htm

https://www.chibs.edu.tw/ch_html/chbj/14/chbj1405.htm

https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%82%87%E8%AB%96

https://mephilosophy.ccu.edu.tw/entry.php?entry_name=%E5%83%A7%E8%82%87

回到歷史 回到青山(2017) (S9) (1140802) (自體的心理學)(車行哲學)

https://kellychang2713.blogspot.com/search?q=%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2+%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%9D%92%E5%B1%B1%EF%BC%882017


回到歷史,回到自然 (S9) (1140802) (自體的心理學)(車行哲學)

https://kellychang2713.blogspot.com/2025/07/s9-1140802.html

Key words

Marc Bloch,陳白沙,後共產之中國,人類世,後人類,

「你也配作趙家人?」 陳雲員外鄙夷的對阿Q說 (1905-1995)(S9) (1140802) (自體的心理學)(車行哲學)

https://kellychang2713.blogspot.com/2024/05/1905-1995.html