Both Henri Bergson, who strongly influenced Deleuze, and Deleuze himself build their conception of the virtual in reference to a quotation in which writer Marcel Proust defines a virtuality, memory as "real but not actual, ideal but not abstract".
A dictionary definition written by Charles Sanders Peirce, referencing the philosophy of Duns Scotus, supports this understanding of the virtual as something that is "as if" it were real, and the everyday use of the term to indicate what is "virtually" so, but not so in fact.
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John Duns OFM (c. 1265/66 – 8 November 1308), commonly called Duns Scotus (/ˈskoʊtəs/ SKOH-təs; Ecclesiastical Latin: [duns ˈskotus]; "Duns the Scot"), was a Scottish Catholic priest and Franciscan friar, university professor, philosopher, and theologian. He is one of the four most important philosopher-theologians of Western Europe in the High Middle Ages, together with Thomas Aquinas, Bonaventure, and William of Ockham.
Scotus has had considerable influence on both Catholic and secular thought. The doctrines for which he is best known are the "univocity of being", that existence is the most abstract concept we have, applicable to everything that exists; the formal distinction, a way of distinguishing between different aspects of the same thing; and the idea of haecceity, the property supposed to be in each individual thing that makes it an individual. Scotus also developed a complex argument for the existence of God, and argued for the Immaculate Conception of Mary.
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Haecceity (存在的個體性) (存在的不假他求的物自身的個體性) (意思是說，萬物平等，誰也不要呼攏誰，上帝就是破碗，破碗就是上帝，習近平就是董志民，董志民就是習近平) (/hɛkˈsiːɪti, hiːk-/; from the Latin haecceitas, which translates as "thisness") is a term from medieval scholastic philosophy, first coined by followers of Duns Scotus to denote a concept that he seems to have originated: the irreducible determination of a thing that makes it this particular thing. Haecceity is a person's or object's thisness, the individualising difference between the concept "a man" and the concept "Socrates" (i.e., a specific person).
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https://youtu.be/77CMNYJEb4I
(Dave Harris 說，讀德勒茲，要隨便，隨意，隨興，的讀，這句話，深得我心)
Deleuze argues that Henri Bergson developed "the notion of the virtual to its highest degree" and that he based his entire philosophy on it. In Bergsonism, Deleuze writes that "virtual" is not opposed to "real" but opposed to "actual", whereas "real" is opposed to "possible".
意思是說， body 是 actual，BwO 是 virtual，
所以，virtual 是一窺形上世界的關鍵，意思是說，你我放眼所見，不過只是 actual，
但是，此說，將形下形上兩分，明顯仍是西方哲學的說法，我願相信，「形上世界，就在那個破碗」，破碗就是洗破的碗，當然你不是有意洗破，是洗太多了，「不小心打破」，
意思是說，「無心」，「不小心」，是形上關鍵，
德勒茲用 virtual 這個概念，來構建其形上學，包括本體論，這件事，和 VR，AR，ER，MR，HR，顯然有關，都在問，reality 是什麼，real 是什麼，
換句話說，德勒茲和 Posthuman 的世界，相接的概念，就是 virtual，
https://kknews.cc/tech/923yp6q.html
不過可惜，德勒茲沒有對照拉岡桑的 RSI，來說此事，我相信，拉岡桑在 real，可以跟德勒茲相遇，
