「折射」，「繞射」，非「反射」 （Reflection) （註一），你讓它反彈回去，亦非「穿射」，你讓它穿過你，
所以，最好的狀態是「納射」，你承受住它，進入你的裡面，
比如說，樹下為什麼蔭涼，因為樹葉承受住，吸納了陽光的能量，建築物陰影為什麼不涼，因為樓體只是反射折射，陽光的能量，
意思是說，治療者承受住病人的苦，病人才能舒緩，
註一，reflection 如譯為「反省」，則另當別論，反省是你吸納進去，對自己作省思，意思是說，反省還不錯，我可以接受，
Refraction and diffraction are both phenomena related to the behavior of waves, such as light or sound, but they involve different processes and occur under different conditions. Here’s a detailed explanation of each and their differences:
### Refraction
**Definition**: Refraction is the bending of a wave as it passes from one medium to another with a different density or refractive index.
**Mechanism**:
- When a wave (e.g., light) travels from one medium to another (e.g., from air to water), its speed changes due to the difference in the optical density of the two media.
- This change in speed causes the wave to change direction at the boundary between the two media.
- The amount of bending depends on the angle of incidence and the refractive indices of the two media, described by Snell’s Law:
\[
n_1 \sin(\theta_1) = n_2 \sin(\theta_2)
\]
where \( n_1 \) and \( n_2 \) are the refractive indices of the two media, and \( \theta_1 \) and \( \theta_2 \) are the angles of incidence and refraction, respectively.
**Examples**:
- A straw appearing bent when placed in a glass of water.
- The formation of rainbows due to the refraction of light in water droplets.
- Lenses in eyeglasses or cameras focusing light by refraction.
### Diffraction
**Definition**: Diffraction is the spreading of waves when they encounter an obstacle or pass through an aperture that is comparable in size to the wavelength of the waves.
**Mechanism**:
- When a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit, it bends around the edges and spreads out.
- The degree of diffraction depends on the wavelength of the wave and the size of the obstacle or aperture. Significant diffraction occurs when the size of the obstacle or aperture is comparable to the wavelength of the wave.
- The pattern of diffraction can produce interference effects, resulting in regions of constructive and destructive interference.
**Examples**:
- The spreading of light when it passes through a narrow slit.
- The diffraction pattern observed when light passes through a diffraction grating.
- The ability to hear sound around corners, as sound waves can diffract around obstacles.
### Key Differences
1. **Cause**:
- **Refraction**: Caused by the change in wave speed as it moves from one medium to another with different densities.
- **Diffraction**: Caused by the wave encountering an obstacle or aperture that disrupts its path.
2. **Conditions**:
- **Refraction**: Occurs at the boundary between two different media.
- **Diffraction**: Occurs when a wave encounters an obstacle or aperture.
3. **Wave Behavior**:
- **Refraction**: Involves a change in the direction of the wave due to a change in speed.
- **Diffraction**: Involves the spreading out of waves and can result in interference patterns.
4. **Dependence on Wavelength**:
- **Refraction**: The amount of bending depends on the wavelength, but the primary factor is the refractive indices of the media.
- **Diffraction**: The degree of spreading and the resulting patterns depend heavily on the wavelength relative to the size of the obstacle or aperture.
In summary, refraction involves the bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another due to a change in speed, while diffraction involves the spreading and interference of waves as they encounter obstacles or apertures. Both phenomena are fundamental to understanding wave behavior in various contexts.
