https://cnnews.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?cate=C08&mcate=M1001&nNewsNumb=20200253184&nidx=53185
我喜爱中国灿烂的文明，我觉得这是人类最好的文明。我喜欢中国的汉字，喜欢那种表现的张力、如同人类思想宝库一样的历史以及升华为艺术的造型美。看到齐白石的画，让我仿佛丢了魂魄；站在描绘唐朝城市的巨幅工笔画前，舍不得离开。当看到一件具有21世纪感觉的700年前的中国瓷器后，简直怀疑自己的眼睛。在兵马俑面前，甚至觉得有些气馁。我读着如同大河般的中国历史长大，读过好几遍的书只有《三国演义》和《水浒传》。
但我不能喜欢中国共产党。虽说它让中国大陆摆脱了贫困，但其造成的危害也非常大。我认为它不是共产主义，而是新形式的纳粹主义。同时高喊自相矛盾的国家主义和社会主义，提出“中华民族复兴”和“中国梦”，听起来好像希特勒的国家社会主义（纳粹）、伟大的德意志民族第三帝国云云。我忘不了毛泽东建造的地狱、大跃进运动、文化大革命，让人不寒而栗，他和金日成谋划南侵，还派遣军队杀害我们的父母兄弟，阻碍了大韩民国的统一。
有人说“中国是一个9000万共产党员啃食13亿人民的社会”。这话并不夸张。共产党追求平等不过是为了宣传。国际调查报道协会曝光了中国共产党干部在避税天堂——维尔京群岛成立幽灵公司，窃取1000-4000万亿韩元（人民币约5.8-23.5万亿元）的事实。习近平的姐夫、胡锦涛的堂兄、邓小平的女婿、李鹏和温家宝的女儿和儿子都在名单之列。
中国共产党干部的不正之风超乎想象。在共产党内受到帝王般待遇的常务委员（周永康）的敛财规模高达15万亿韩元（人民币约880亿元），统战部长为14万亿韩元（人民币约821亿元），军队干部为3万亿韩元（人民币约175.8亿元），共产党中央军事委员会副主席家里的现金因为难以清点，只好进行称重，结果重达1吨。这个共产党表面上是俭朴和为人民着想的。中国前总理温家宝一直穿着旧皮鞋和夹克，但据了解，他家的财产多达数千亿韩元。据说，他的夫人在某个展览上佩戴的珠宝总额高达3亿韩元（人民币约176万元）。共产党实权者的妻子像电影的情节一样暗杀了外国企业家，要不是她的丈夫卷入了政治风波，她原本不会有什么事。
一个没有民主、法治和人权的世界超级大国，与暴力分子有多大区别？在天安门广场悼念数千名遇难同胞的香港市民高呼：“昨天的天安门就是现在的香港，现在的香港就是明天的世界。”香港书店的老板因出售批判共产党干部的书籍而接连被劫持到中国大陆。中国环境运动家送朋友去机场的过程中被公安带走，过了很久才发现其尸体。中国共产党的霸权正在日益扩大，世界将暴露在这种暴力面前。
中国共产党正在谋求对整个亚洲的霸权。关于中国共产党的韩半岛战略，韩国元老政治学者、前翰林大学校长李相禹说：“将朝鲜变成中国的一个省，把韩国从韩美同盟中分离出来，使其芬兰化。” “芬兰化”指的是看周边强国的眼色行事，主权残缺的国家。习近平过分的萨德报复，有意忽视韩国总统文在寅，故意让韩国总统特使坐在香港行政长官的座位上等，都把重点放在韩国的芬兰化上。从文在寅向中国做出“三不承诺”开始，已经让出了主权。习近平对美国总统说：“韩国是中国的一部分。”中国共产党想要回到过去。
中国共产党以涉嫌造谣为名，逮捕了披露武汉发生疫情的医生。这是典型的共产党方式。如果当时他们好好行事，现在中国人就不会遭遇如此巨大的悲剧，也不会有疫情威胁全世界。疫情猖獗，负责人习近平却躲了起来。共产党人做任何事都不承担任何责任，这是永久执政。现在甚至不仅是党，习近平个人也要永久执政。中国人民无法想象一个没有共产党的政府，一个对错误承担责任的政府。今后，等到度过疫情的难关，共产党就会以恐怖的气氛压制人民的愤怒和自由的要求。
喜欢中国共产党，尊敬毛泽东，自贬为“大山中国前面的小国韩国”的韩国运动圈和文在寅，现在都说“韩中是命运共同体”。这让人不寒而栗。当中国的疫情猖獗，世界各国纷纷停飞与中国的航班时，韩国迫不得已只阻断了湖北省一个地方的航线，难道这就是“文在寅式的命运共同体”吗？中国大使也拥护称“中韩是命运共同体”。一些人说，韩国与中国的贸易交易额太大，这也是出于无奈。有哪个命运共同体是抓住贸易额巨大的弱点作为威胁筹码的呢？我们是否应该和没有人权、言论自由和投票权、暴力对待邻国的集团成为命运共同体呢？国民不愿意，就让文在寅和民主党跟中国共产党成为命运共同体吧。
Sunday, February 23, 2020
關於池塘 (Daseinsanalysis)
發現一個湖正確的說是一個池塘
發現另一個湖正確的說也是一個池塘
所以正確的說是發現了兩個池塘
不能強求住在池塘旁邊我知道
但閒雲野鶴不住池塘旁邊
還能住在哪裡
我知道我已準備離去
倒數十六天刑期
居然開始不捨此生
發現另一個湖正確的說也是一個池塘
所以正確的說是發現了兩個池塘
不能強求住在池塘旁邊我知道
但閒雲野鶴不住池塘旁邊
還能住在哪裡
我知道我已準備離去
倒數十六天刑期
居然開始不捨此生
5:38 AM (Daseinsanalysis)
意志的界限和超過界限就是自戀
人定勝天就是意志
與天鬥與地鬥與人鬥其樂無窮就是意志
will to power will to truth will to heal will to meaning 的 will 就是意志
尋訪蒼青駐足
行止交由天色決定
你告訴我
這算哪門子意志
Chad開著他的van上山宿營生火煮飯
冰天雪地的山林實在驚人
通常隔天一早下山
所以有趣的是那個風雪中的夜
這時你要信任你的系統
包括那個中國製的柴油暖爐
VW的小貨車
和Trayvax的小刀
關鍵是你無法久留
他帶的食物柴火補給只夠一晚
車外的溫度零下數十度
意思是說只能吃完飯睡覺
隔天下山回到文明
Chad的音樂選得很好
有些鏡頭室外於他的所以不知道是怎麼拍的
從頭到尾我沒有看到Chad讀海德格的哲學
顯然海德格的溫度不到零下
意思是說那是尚可居住的溫度
我沒有見過老海拍自媒體生火煮飯
這件事哲學史略過不提
回到冰天雪地的山林
我剛剛說過實在驚人
這是一切出發的理由
人定勝天就是意志
與天鬥與地鬥與人鬥其樂無窮就是意志
will to power will to truth will to heal will to meaning 的 will 就是意志
尋訪蒼青駐足
行止交由天色決定
你告訴我
這算哪門子意志
Chad開著他的van上山宿營生火煮飯
冰天雪地的山林實在驚人
通常隔天一早下山
所以有趣的是那個風雪中的夜
這時你要信任你的系統
包括那個中國製的柴油暖爐
VW的小貨車
和Trayvax的小刀
關鍵是你無法久留
他帶的食物柴火補給只夠一晚
車外的溫度零下數十度
意思是說只能吃完飯睡覺
隔天下山回到文明
Chad的音樂選得很好
有些鏡頭室外於他的所以不知道是怎麼拍的
從頭到尾我沒有看到Chad讀海德格的哲學
顯然海德格的溫度不到零下
意思是說那是尚可居住的溫度
我沒有見過老海拍自媒體生火煮飯
這件事哲學史略過不提
回到冰天雪地的山林
我剛剛說過實在驚人
這是一切出發的理由
Saturday, February 22, 2020
Report 6: Relative sensitivity of international surveillance (MRC, Imperial College London, 2020-2-21)
https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/news--wuhan-coronavirus/
Summary Report 6
Since the start of the COVID-19 epidemic in late 2019, there are now 29 affected regions and countries with over 1000 confirmed cases outside of mainland China. In previous reports, we estimated the likely epidemic size in Wuhan City based on air traffic volumes and the number of detected cases internationally. Here we analysed COVID-19 cases exported from mainland China to different regions and countries, comparing the country-specific rates of detected and confirmed cases per flight volume to estimate the relative sensitivity of surveillance in different countries. Although travel restrictions from Wuhan City and other cities across China may have reduced the absolute number of travellers to and from China, we estimated that about two thirds of COVID-19 cases exported from mainland China have remained undetected worldwide, potentially resulting in multiple chains of as yet undetected human-to-human transmission outside mainland China.
Summary Report 6
Since the start of the COVID-19 epidemic in late 2019, there are now 29 affected regions and countries with over 1000 confirmed cases outside of mainland China. In previous reports, we estimated the likely epidemic size in Wuhan City based on air traffic volumes and the number of detected cases internationally. Here we analysed COVID-19 cases exported from mainland China to different regions and countries, comparing the country-specific rates of detected and confirmed cases per flight volume to estimate the relative sensitivity of surveillance in different countries. Although travel restrictions from Wuhan City and other cities across China may have reduced the absolute number of travellers to and from China, we estimated that about two thirds of COVID-19 cases exported from mainland China have remained undetected worldwide, potentially resulting in multiple chains of as yet undetected human-to-human transmission outside mainland China.
When will the coronavirus outbreak peak? (David Cyranoski, Nature, 2020-2-18)
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00361-5
Officials want to know but predictions vary wildly, from now to after hundreds of millions of people are infected.
Officials want to know but predictions vary wildly, from now to after hundreds of millions of people are infected.
Coronavirus infections in China continue to swell by thousands a day, prompting epidemiologists to estimate when the outbreak will peak. Some suggest the climax, when the number of new infections in a single day reaches its highest point, will happen any time now. Others say that it is months away and that the virus will infect millions — or in one estimate hundreds of millions — of people first.
Public health officials want to know roughly when the peak will be — and how many will be infected — so that they can prepare hospitals and know when it will be safe to lift travel restrictions. Wuhan, the city at the centre of the epidemic, and several other nearby cities have been on lockdown since late January.
Latest news on the coronavirus
Although peak predictions can be illuminating, some researchers warn that accuracy is difficult to achieve, especially when the data used in models are incomplete. “If you revise your predictions every week to say that the outbreak will peak in a week or two, eventually you will be correct,” says Brian Labus, who works on disease surveillance at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
Optimistic scenario
On 11 February, Zhong Nanshan, a prominent Chinese physician leading a panel of experts helping to control the outbreak, said that the coronavirus will possibly peak by the end of February. Zhong, who is famous for discovering the SARS virus, said the situation had improved with government control measures, such as travel restrictions and extended holidays, although he admitted that it was still a “difficult period” for Wuhan.
More than 80 clinical trials launch to test coronavirus treatments
So far, more than 70,000 people have been confirmed to have the disease, now known as COVID-19, in China. But many scientists assume that the number of cases is higher than is being reported. They suspect that China has too few diagnostic tests and health-care workers to confirm all cases. Some scientists also wonder whether Zhong is just trying to reassure people, given the outbreak’s impact on the economy and society.
At least one model aligns with Zhong’s estimate. Researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine predict that the peak could occur anytime now. Sebastian Funk, a statistician who models infectious diseases and who coauthored the analysis, says the prediction is based on an estimate that one infected person in Wuhan was, on average, infecting between 1.5 and 4.5 others — a measure known as the virus’s effective reproduction number, or R — before the travel restrictions were introduced on 23 January. Funk estimates that at the peak around a million people, about 10% of Wuhan's population, will be infected.
Funk posted the analysis, which has not been peer-reviewed, on his institute’s website on 12 February. But he says that since it was done, a decline in the number of new cases and deaths in Wuhan suggests that infections might have already peaked. (More than 14,000 new cases were reported on 13 February, but the bump was due to authorities changing the way cases are diagnosed and not a true spike).
Worst case
Some researchers find such predictions overly optimistic. People in most Chinese cities started returning to work last week after an extended public-holiday period — opening up the possibility of new chains of transmission, says Hiroshi Nishiura, an epidemiologist at Hokkaido University in Sapporo, Japan.
Coronavirus: hospitals must learn from past pandemics
Nishiura says he has used a model that estimates that the outbreak will peak sometime between late March and late May. At this point, he says, up to 2.3 million cases will be diagnosed in a single day. In total, he estimates that between 550 million and 650 million people across China will be infected, roughly 40% of the country’s population. Nishiura says that about half of those people will show symptoms.
Nishiura says he has submitted a paper describing the model and its prediction to the preprint server medRxiv. To make such a prediction, he says that his team considered the transmission potential inherent to the new virus — the basic reproduction number known as R0, which is related to R, although it assumes that everyone in the population is susceptible to infection. The team estimates the R0 is between 1.5 and 2.
He says that his model presents a relatively simplistic outlook because it assumes that everyone in the population is susceptible. It also reflects the view that many people who have been infected are asymptomatic or not unwell enough to seek medical treatment. If that is the case, the current number of reported cases massively underestimates the number of people infected, he says.
Gabriel Leung, an epidemiologist at the University of Hong Kong, says that Nishiura’s estimates are feasible. The community has no immunity to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 so “it will sweep through”, he says.
Leung says that while those estimates sound extreme, it’s still not clear how deadly the virus is. The latest calculation of the fatality rate, in a paper published by Zhong on 9 February, suggests that there are about 1.36 deaths per hundred cases. But that number is probably too high because the authors did not consider less severe cases. (Outside China, two deaths have been reported in 500 cases.)
Quarantine measures
Leung says it's also unclear what effect, if any, that control measures, such as travel bans and quarantining people, have had on the timing and severity of the peak. Nishiura and Funk say their models excluded these measures because their efficacy is uncertain.
As coronavirus spreads, the time to think about the next epidemic is now
Many scientists say that control measures might not, ultimately, decrease the number of people infected. But they could extend the time taken for the epidemic to peak, by slowing transmission, says Leung.
Reducing the number of people who get infected at the peak is important, says Leung. If everyone gets sick at the same time, “the entire society grinds to a halt,” he says. “Health services will be overwhelmed and people will die.”
Winter Survival - Alone In The Wilderness - Living The Van Life
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OD1M7-lPZrU
this one is awesomely beautiful, and i'm glad that the fallen trees blocking the road did not stop him
this one is awesomely beautiful, and i'm glad that the fallen trees blocking the road did not stop him
The coronavirus outbreak is reaching a global tipping point, and the window to contain it is 'narrowing,' according to WHO (2020-2-22)
https://www.businessinsider.com/who-window-narrowing-to-stop-global-spread-coronavirus-covid-19-2020-2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqIalVdwolI
"This outbreak could go any direction," WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said. "It could even be messy." Later, he said off the record, "The CCP has played it dirtily throughout, but, you know, I'm a nice and cooperative guy, and well paid for my cooperation."
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqIalVdwolI
"This outbreak could go any direction," WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said. "It could even be messy." Later, he said off the record, "The CCP has played it dirtily throughout, but, you know, I'm a nice and cooperative guy, and well paid for my cooperation."
Reluctant Theologians: Franz Kafka, Paul Celan, Edmond Jabes (Studies in Religion and Literature) (Beth Hawkins, Fordham University Press, 2002)
Beth Hawkins focuses on the problematic faith in the works of Kafka, Celan, and Jabès to reevaluate the notions of God and covenant in light of Nietzsche's "death of God" hypothesis. the divine-human relation. In Reluctant Theologians, she shows that Kafka, Celan, and Jabès offer as a testament, as three unique instances of Kiddush Ha-Shem (sanctification of the divine name), to a divine source that persists at the same time as it is being continuously reconstituted in the moment of writing. What connects Kafka, Celan, and Jabès to a postmodern philosophy is their shared belief that a specifically Jewish ethic can serve as a model for a universal ethic. (amazon) (accessible via questia)
Friday, February 21, 2020
Paul Celan and Martin Heidegger: An Unresolved Conversation, 1951–1970 (James K. Lyon, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006)
This work explores the troubled relationship and unfinished intellectual dialogue between Paul Celan, regarded by many as the most important European poet after 1945, and Martin Heidegger, perhaps the most influential figure in twentieth-century philosophy. It centers on the persistent ambivalence Celan, a Holocaust survivor, felt toward a thinker who respected him and at times promoted his poetry. Celan, although strongly affected by Heidegger's writings, struggled to reconcile his admiration of Heidegger's ideas on literature with his revulsion at the thinker's Nazi past. That Celan and Heidegger communicated with each other over a number of years, and in a controversial encounter, met in 1967, is well known. The full duration, extent, and nature of their exchanges and their impact on Celan's poetics has been less understood, however.
In the first systematic analysis of their relationship between 1951 and 1970, James K. Lyon describes how the poet and the philosopher read and responded to each other's work throughout the period. He offers new information about their interactions before, during, and after their famous 1967 meeting at Todtnauberg. He suggests that Celan, who changed his account of that meeting, may have contributed to misreadings of his poem "Todtnauberg." Finally, Lyon discusses their two last meetings after 1967 before the poet's death three years later.
Drawing heavily on documentary material―including Celan's reading notes on more than two dozen works by Heidegger, the philosopher's written response to the poet's "Meridian" speech, and references to Heidegger in Celan's letters―Lyon presents a focused perspective on this critical aspect of the poet's intellectual development and provides important insights into his relationship with Heidegger, transforming previous conceptions of it. (amazon)
Paul Celan (maybe 2020-2-26) (Daseinsanalysis)
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/15A_ZerkJvcdy-jG_cUyyVjBUdYtPwi8F?usp=sharing
Paul Celan's "Breathturn into Timestead: The Collected Later Poetry": Pierre Joris & Paul Auster (Daseinsanalysis)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7kQ_HV3LL8
now, this is a rare joy, in this dark night of man-made plague
now, this is a rare joy, in this dark night of man-made plague
Thursday, February 20, 2020
A Nomad Poetics: Essays (Pierre Joris, Wesleyan University Press, 2003)
"The days of anything static―form, content, state―are over," declares poet and translator Pierre Joris in A Nomad Poetics, his first collection of critical essays. Joris maps the success and limitations of contemporary avant-garde poetics, from Tristan Tzara to the most contemporary American experimental poetry, an investigation that leads him to envision a "nomadic poetics" as a strategy for new poetic work, for translation and, fundamentally, for an ethics of early 21st century life. Extending concepts and concerns voiced by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, A Nomad Poetics is a daring first step in deploying the method of the rhizome, one grounded in Paul Celan's insight that "Reality is not. It has to be searched for and won." With articulate immediacy, Joris's essays announce a metamorphosis of language-based art, much needed if poetry is to be of essential use in shaping the world to come. (amazon)
see also
https://www.boundary2.org/2017/09/pierre-joris-a-nomad-poetics-revisited-poetry-and-translation-in-a-global-age/
see also
https://www.boundary2.org/2017/09/pierre-joris-a-nomad-poetics-revisited-poetry-and-translation-in-a-global-age/
On Heidegger (maybe 2020-2-26) (Daseinsanalysis)
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1VTNSnWAcnwLQcOi_q2GsAp3YRkH7LdH4?usp=sharing
China Expels Three Wall Street Journal Reporters (2020-2-19)
https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-expels-three-wall-street-journal-reporters-11582100355
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJL76i010i0
https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-is-the-real-sick-man-of-asia-11580773677
https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinese-presidents-cousin-draws-scrutiny-of-australian-authorities-11564500031
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJL76i010i0
https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-is-the-real-sick-man-of-asia-11580773677
https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinese-presidents-cousin-draws-scrutiny-of-australian-authorities-11564500031
6:12 AM (Daseinsanalysis)
the next two weeks (1) something about paul celan, especially the goll affair, and gadamer's who are you and who am i (2) on heidegger: selective reading of pep-web; e.g. richard chessick, hermann lang, lawrence friedman, robert stolorow; unnenessary turmoil, expected, no intention to plan ahead, in detail, as usual; cannot find a proper home for those books; what a fucking shame;
Wednesday, February 19, 2020
漢傳佛學 (2020-2-19) (Buddhism in China) (Daseinsanalysis)
self ~ 集 (苦集滅道)
self ~ 緣起 (前世 今生 後世) 流轉 還滅
self ~ 成住壞空
self ~ 生命存在之假託之名 (雖為假託之名 但並非illusion 除非你把自己看得太重) (既為假托 遂不必當真 你見過落葉 或流浪狗 為自己取名嗎) (意思是說 生為落葉或流浪狗 是做人的榮幸 和最棒的結局和境界) (這就是 我說的 落葉人生) (船子和尚 我心嚮往之)
貪瞋癡 ~ greedy desire, narcissism, attachment
大藏經裡 那些是小乘 那些是大乘 其義理差異何在
小乘大乘 會不會是 中國人瞎掰出來的 (大乘顯然有整人惡搞的意圖 讓人活得憋屈自虐) (意思是說 大乘者應該跟豬哥亮學習 好笑是必要的 即使你非自虐不可) (意思是說 愁苦的豬哥亮 仍然是豬哥亮 不改其為 好笑的豬哥亮)
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Jod_79XJXdDKCCZo6UYQLr7d3hqJHNnu?usp=sharing
小乘佛教（梵語：हीनयान，Hīnayāna）是大乘佛教所劃分的三乘教法中用來貶稱聲聞乘、獨覺乘的統稱，也被用來貶稱所有傳統部派佛教教派，包括現代上座部佛教。因為「小乘」包含貶義，在學者及佛教徒間，長期存有爭議，現代南傳佛教不接受「小乘」的稱呼。1950年召開的世界佛教徒聯誼會達成明確共識，無論在西方或東方對南傳佛教的正確稱呼應當一律使用上座部佛教而非「小乘」[1]。
Cf.
中國佛教史傳與目錄源出律學沙門之探討, 曹仕邦, 新亞學報, 1964
self ~ 緣起 (前世 今生 後世) 流轉 還滅
self ~ 成住壞空
self ~ 生命存在之假託之名 (雖為假託之名 但並非illusion 除非你把自己看得太重) (既為假托 遂不必當真 你見過落葉 或流浪狗 為自己取名嗎) (意思是說 生為落葉或流浪狗 是做人的榮幸 和最棒的結局和境界) (這就是 我說的 落葉人生) (船子和尚 我心嚮往之)
貪瞋癡 ~ greedy desire, narcissism, attachment
大藏經裡 那些是小乘 那些是大乘 其義理差異何在
小乘大乘 會不會是 中國人瞎掰出來的 (大乘顯然有整人惡搞的意圖 讓人活得憋屈自虐) (意思是說 大乘者應該跟豬哥亮學習 好笑是必要的 即使你非自虐不可) (意思是說 愁苦的豬哥亮 仍然是豬哥亮 不改其為 好笑的豬哥亮)
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Jod_79XJXdDKCCZo6UYQLr7d3hqJHNnu?usp=sharing
小乘佛教（梵語：हीनयान，Hīnayāna）是大乘佛教所劃分的三乘教法中用來貶稱聲聞乘、獨覺乘的統稱，也被用來貶稱所有傳統部派佛教教派，包括現代上座部佛教。因為「小乘」包含貶義，在學者及佛教徒間，長期存有爭議，現代南傳佛教不接受「小乘」的稱呼。1950年召開的世界佛教徒聯誼會達成明確共識，無論在西方或東方對南傳佛教的正確稱呼應當一律使用上座部佛教而非「小乘」[1]。
漢傳
隨著佛教在公元1世紀開始由印度向東方傳入，被貶稱為小乘佛教的部派和大乘佛教同期傳入中國，中國開始有大量由梵文譯作中文的佛經，當中以安世高譯出大量被貶稱為「小乘」的佛經。漢傳佛教的戒律主要傳承自法藏部，以《四分律》為主流。被貶稱為小乘佛教的部派中對漢傳佛教影響最大的，為說一切有部及經量部。說一切有部的學說與戒律，在魏晉南北朝期間，佛教在中國的傳播有著重要的影響，其後被貶稱為小乘佛教的部派在中國的地位被大乘佛教所蓋過。
梁朝僧伽婆羅譯有《解脫道論》，它的結構和內容與上座部佛教中總結佛教理論與實踐的論書《清淨道論》相一致，引起了十九世紀以來中外學者的興趣。唐朝玄奘譯有論書《阿毗達磨大毗婆沙論》，此論是說一切有部理論全面、系統的總結，只在漢傳佛教中保存。
大乘佛教（梵語：महायान，mahāyāna）
主要經典舉例如下: 《方廣大莊嚴經》、《普曜經》、《大般若經》、《大方廣佛華嚴經》、《妙法蓮華經》、《維摩詰所說經》、《大般涅槃經》、《勝鬘經》、《楞伽經》、《無量壽經》、《佛說阿彌陀經》、《楞嚴經》、《圓覺經》， 《大智度論》、《中論》、《瑜伽師地論》、《大乘莊嚴經論》、《攝大乘論》、《唯識三十論》、《大乘起信論》、《壇經》、《現觀莊嚴論》等。
Cf.
中國佛教史傳與目錄源出律學沙門之探討, 曹仕邦, 新亞學報, 1964
「漢傳佛教」如何形成的私見, 曹仕邦, 海潮音, 2013
漢傳佛學譯經史 說明一個論述系統的形成 往往混亂 飢不擇食 片片斷斷 因為你可以斷章取義 但無法複製一個系統的成長的辯證的過程 精神分析文獻亦如此 (2020-2-20) |
Tuesday, February 18, 2020
阿含經 (Buddhism in China) (Daseinsanalysis)
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%90%AB%E7%B6%93#%E6%BC%A2%E8%AD%AF%E6%9C%AC
傳譯[編輯]
全本[編輯]
- 《長阿含經》：今存二十二卷。後秦弘始十五年（413年）於長安由罽賓三藏沙門佛陀耶舍口誦，涼州沙門竺佛念譯為漢文，秦國道士道含筆錄[2]。
- 《中阿含經》：今存六十卷。苻秦建元二十年（384年）曇摩難提口誦，竺佛念譯為漢文五十九卷[3]，現已散佚。又東晉隆安二年（398年）罽賓沙門僧伽羅叉（Sajgharaksa）講胡本，瞿曇僧伽提婆譯為六十卷[4]，此為現存本。據經錄記載六十卷本與五十九卷本大有不同。
- 《雜阿含經》：今存五十卷。南朝劉宋求那跋陀羅於元嘉年間（435-443年間的某年)在楊都祇洹寺（一說瓦官寺）口述，寶雲傳譯漢文，慧觀筆錄[5]。另有二十卷本《別譯雜阿含經》，譯者失傳，譯出的時間可能早於五十卷本。
- 《增一阿含經》：又稱《增壹阿含經》，今存五十一卷。最早由苻秦曇摩難提於建元二十年（384年）誦出，竺佛念翻譯漢文，曇嵩筆錄，共四十一卷（一說三十三卷）[3]。有經錄記載東晉隆安二年（398年）瞿曇僧伽提婆又出五十一卷增一阿含，與四十一卷本小異[4]，此說最早出於《歷代三寶紀》，而為唐代以後經錄所承襲。
27. 梁啟超《說四阿含》：「增研究阿含之必要且有益既如此，但阿含研究之所以不普及者，亦有數原因：一、卷帙浩繁。二、篇章重複。四含中有彼此互相重複者，有一部之中前後重複者，大約釋尊同一段話，在四含中平均總是三見或四見，文句皆有小小同異。三、辭語連犿。吾輩讀阿含，可想見當時印度人言語之繁重。蓋每說一義，恆從正面反面以同一辭句翻覆詮釋，且問答之際，恆彼此互牒前言。故往往三四千字之文，不獨所詮之義僅一兩點，乃至辭語亦足有十數句，讀者稍粗心，幾不審何者為正文，何者為襯語？故極容易生厭。四、譯文拙澁。增中二含，殺青於戎馬之中。中雖再治，增猶舊貫。文義之間，譯者已自覺不愜。長雜晚出，稍勝前作，然要皆當譯業草創時代，譯人之天才及素養，皆不逮後賢，且所用術語，多經後賢改訂，漸成殭廢，故讀之益覺詰為病。」
據考證已知最早的漢譯佛經是漢明帝時所譯《四十二章經》，其內容是從阿含中節譯而成。中國自隋唐以來，學佛者只宗大乘佛教，視其為低下的小乘佛教（Hīnayāna）經典[26]。《阿含經》不受重視束之高閣千年之久，此外學者稱其自身的卷帙繁浩、篇章重覆、辭語連犿，或譯文拙澀[27]、辭義難解等原因導致讀者望文生厭[28]。十八世紀末受歐美學者重視《巴利三藏》的影響，《阿含經》重獲地位，日本學者甚為重視。
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%9C%E9%98%BF%E5%90%AB%E7%B6%93
《雜阿含經》（梵語：Saṃyukta Āgama），初期佛教的基本經典「四阿含」之一。在四阿含中，雜阿含是依佛法教類五蘊、六入處、界、因緣、四諦、三十七道品等，將眾多相應的短經編成集，而匯為一部。漢譯《雜阿含經》推定為根本說一切有部傳本，與對應的巴利本《相應部》一起，被認為是接近原始佛教原貌的佛陀言論集之一。
《雜阿含經》文章精簡雜錄，現存一千三百五十九篇經文，乃佛陀在世時對弟子所說的重要教理，以「五蘊」、「六入處」、「十八界」為禪觀，對「緣起」、「四聖諦」的闡釋，了知一切法是「無常」、「苦」、「空」、「無我」，從而獲得真正的解脫。
現代學者如印順等人，將《雜阿含經》認定為四阿含經次第形成之首[40]
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%9C%E9%98%BF%E5%90%AB%E7%B6%93
《雜阿含經》（梵語：Saṃyukta Āgama），初期佛教的基本經典「四阿含」之一。在四阿含中，雜阿含是依佛法教類五蘊、六入處、界、因緣、四諦、三十七道品等，將眾多相應的短經編成集，而匯為一部。漢譯《雜阿含經》推定為根本說一切有部傳本，與對應的巴利本《相應部》一起，被認為是接近原始佛教原貌的佛陀言論集之一。
《雜阿含經》文章精簡雜錄，現存一千三百五十九篇經文，乃佛陀在世時對弟子所說的重要教理，以「五蘊」、「六入處」、「十八界」為禪觀，對「緣起」、「四聖諦」的闡釋，了知一切法是「無常」、「苦」、「空」、「無我」，從而獲得真正的解脫。
現代學者如印順等人，將《雜阿含經》認定為四阿含經次第形成之首[40]
《阿含經》在中國自隋唐後被視為小乘佛教經典，流傳不廣。
A World in Disarray: American Foreign Policy and the Crisis of the Old Order (Richard Haass, Penguin Books, 2017)
"A valuable primer on foreign policy: a primer that concerned citizens of all political persuasions—not to mention the president and his advisers—could benefit from reading." —The New York Times
An examination of a world increasingly defined by disorder and a United States unable to shape the world in its image, from the president of the Council on Foreign Relations
Things fall apart; the center cannot hold. The rules, policies, and institutions that have guided the world since World War II have largely run their course. Respect for sovereignty alone cannot uphold order in an age defined by global challenges from terrorism and the spread of nuclear weapons to climate change and cyberspace. Meanwhile, great power rivalry is returning. Weak states pose problems just as confounding as strong ones. The United States remains the world’s strongest country, but American foreign policy has at times made matters worse, both by what the U.S. has done and by what it has failed to do. The Middle East is in chaos, Asia is threatened by China’s rise and a reckless North Korea, and Europe, for decades the world’s most stable region, is now anything but. As Richard Haass explains, the election of Donald Trump and the unexpected vote for “Brexit” signals that many in modern democracies reject important aspects of globalization, including borders open to trade and immigrants.
In A World in Disarray, Haass argues for an updated global operating system—call it world order 2.0—that reflects the reality that power is widely distributed and that borders count for less. One critical element of this adjustment will be adopting a new approach to sovereignty, one that embraces its obligations and responsibilities as well as its rights and protections. Haass also details how the U.S. should act towards China and Russia, as well as in Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. He suggests, too, what the country should do to address its dysfunctional politics, mounting debt, and the lack of agreement on the nature of its relationship with the world.
A World in Disarray is a wise examination, one rich in history, of the current world, along with how we got here and what needs doing. Haass shows that the world cannot have stability or prosperity without the United States, but that the United States cannot be a force for global stability and prosperity without its politicians and citizens reaching a new understanding. (amazon)
https://twitter.com/richardhaass (2018-1-22)
https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/02/11/how-coronavirus-could-change-china/ (2020-2-11)
An examination of a world increasingly defined by disorder and a United States unable to shape the world in its image, from the president of the Council on Foreign Relations
Things fall apart; the center cannot hold. The rules, policies, and institutions that have guided the world since World War II have largely run their course. Respect for sovereignty alone cannot uphold order in an age defined by global challenges from terrorism and the spread of nuclear weapons to climate change and cyberspace. Meanwhile, great power rivalry is returning. Weak states pose problems just as confounding as strong ones. The United States remains the world’s strongest country, but American foreign policy has at times made matters worse, both by what the U.S. has done and by what it has failed to do. The Middle East is in chaos, Asia is threatened by China’s rise and a reckless North Korea, and Europe, for decades the world’s most stable region, is now anything but. As Richard Haass explains, the election of Donald Trump and the unexpected vote for “Brexit” signals that many in modern democracies reject important aspects of globalization, including borders open to trade and immigrants.
In A World in Disarray, Haass argues for an updated global operating system—call it world order 2.0—that reflects the reality that power is widely distributed and that borders count for less. One critical element of this adjustment will be adopting a new approach to sovereignty, one that embraces its obligations and responsibilities as well as its rights and protections. Haass also details how the U.S. should act towards China and Russia, as well as in Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. He suggests, too, what the country should do to address its dysfunctional politics, mounting debt, and the lack of agreement on the nature of its relationship with the world.
A World in Disarray is a wise examination, one rich in history, of the current world, along with how we got here and what needs doing. Haass shows that the world cannot have stability or prosperity without the United States, but that the United States cannot be a force for global stability and prosperity without its politicians and citizens reaching a new understanding. (amazon)
https://twitter.com/richardhaass (2018-1-22)
https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/02/11/how-coronavirus-could-change-china/ (2020-2-11)
It’s time for global businesses to admit it: China isn’t a good investment (Henry Olsen, The Washington Post, 2020-2-15)
https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/02/14/its-time-global-businesses-admit-it-china-isnt-good-investment/
https://www.msn.com/zh-tw/money/topstories/%E3%80%8A%E8%8F%AF%E9%83%B5%E3%80%8B%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E8%A9%B2%E6%89%BF%E8%AA%8D%E4%BA%86-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E5%A5%BD%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%95%E8%B3%87/ar-BB104c0n?li=BBqiNIb
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yqbz31QwOmU
https://www.msn.com/zh-tw/money/topstories/%E3%80%8A%E8%8F%AF%E9%83%B5%E3%80%8B%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E8%A9%B2%E6%89%BF%E8%AA%8D%E4%BA%86-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E5%A5%BD%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%95%E8%B3%87/ar-BB104c0n?li=BBqiNIb
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yqbz31QwOmU
金燦榮說中共特务向参加武汉运动会的美军投放病毒，失手引发武汉瘟疫
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Chyc_u9_q8A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KrYAIbzapQs
金燦榮說投毒美軍一百七十人沒有成功的原因是因為派出去的一百七十個美女間諜都長得太醜了
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KrYAIbzapQs
金燦榮說投毒美軍一百七十人沒有成功的原因是因為派出去的一百七十個美女間諜都長得太醜了
Outbreak of coronavirus continues to evolve (STAT Morning Rounds, 2020-2-18)
Here’s the latest on the outbreak of Covid-19, with cases topping 73,000 and deaths reaching 1,870.
- The U.S. evacuated Americans who had been stuck on a cruise ship in Yokohama, Japan, 14 of whom had the coronavirus. The infected Americans will be treated in isolation, while the other Americans will spend 14 days in quarantine.
- France became the third country outside China — and the first outside Asia — to
report a death from Covid-19. An 80-year-old male tourist from Hubei province died in a Paris hospital. - Egypt became the first African country to confirm a Covid-19 infection. There have been concerns whether countries on the continent — which have extensive ties to China — have the infrastructure to detect cases and handle an outbreak.
- Who’s leading the response? My colleague Helen Branswell and I take a look at some of the people trying to combat the virus.
- One bit of good news: A report in JAMA describing nine infections in children under 1 detailed that none had severe complications.
Claude Bonnefoy (1929-1979)
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Bonnefoy
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/500875/pdf (1971)
多年前讀過這本對話錄印象很深刻認為這是對話的罕見典範意思是說十之九九的對話其實沒有對話好的對話需要兩個靈魂在冥界相遇印象中Ionesco說他為什麼寫下那些荒謬的劇本是因為懷念童年成長的山谷村莊那裏的人事物不是用數字街道號碼指認而是用生命的特徵辨識比如說那個酒糟鼻子的小學校長或繞過那棵白楊樹再往前走半個時辰來到的河邊的那棟小屋
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/500875/pdf (1971)
多年前讀過這本對話錄印象很深刻認為這是對話的罕見典範意思是說十之九九的對話其實沒有對話好的對話需要兩個靈魂在冥界相遇印象中Ionesco說他為什麼寫下那些荒謬的劇本是因為懷念童年成長的山谷村莊那裏的人事物不是用數字街道號碼指認而是用生命的特徵辨識比如說那個酒糟鼻子的小學校長或繞過那棵白楊樹再往前走半個時辰來到的河邊的那棟小屋
Four Novels in Jung’s 1925 Seminar: Literary Discussion and Analytical Psychology (Matthew A Fike, Routledge, 2020-1-27)
C. G. Jung believed that popular fiction often conveyed unvarnished psychological truths. In this volume, Matthew A. Fike skillfully analyzes the novels under consideration in Jung’s 1925 seminar on analytical psychology, corrects Jung’s ill-informed perspectives, and sheds light on a neglected area of Jungian literary studies.
Jung originally planned to discuss several novels about the anima—Henry Rider Haggard’s She, Pierre Benoît’s L’Atlantide, and Gustav Meyrink’s The Green Face. At the request of his participants, he dropped Meyrink and included a text about the animus, Marie Hay’s The Evil Vineyard. Fike demonstrates that Haggard’s She and Benoît’s L’Atlantide portray anima possession, the visionary and psychological modes, and traditional versus Jungian approaches to history. Meyrink’s smorgasbord of Jungian theory and religion makes The Green Face a fictional counterpart to The Red Book, and both Meyrink and Hay depict states of higher consciousness that transcend the archetypes. The distinction between archetypal and spiritual possession demonstrates that The Evil Vineyard is a ghost story, and the study concludes with Hay’s dozens of allusions, which provide important metacommentary.
Four Novels in Jung’s 1925 Seminar, the first comprehensive study of all four texts, complements seminal works by Cornelia Brunner and Barbara Hannah, critiques the seminar discussion recorded in William McGuire’s edition of Analytical Psychology: Notes of the Seminar Given in 1925 by C. G. Jung, and incorporates Jung’s own comments on the four novels in The Collected Works. Thus, it provides an essential addition to Jungian literary studies and will appeal both to students and practitioners of Jungian analytical psychology and to scholars of British, French, and German literature. (amazon)
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