Researchers concluded that C-PTSD is distinct from, but similar to PTSD, somatization disorder, dissociative identity disorder, and borderline personality disorder,[5]with the main distinctions being that it distorts a person's core identity, and involves significant emotional dysregulation.[6] It was first described in 1992 by Judith Herman in her book Trauma & Recovery and in an accompanying article.[5][7] The disorder is included in the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 11th Edition (ICD-11); this category of PTSD is not yet adopted by the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5).
1. Treatment
of Complex Trauma: A Sequenced, Relationship-Based Approach, by Christine
A. Courtois, Julian D. Ford, The Guilford Press; 2012
2. Treating Complex Traumatic Stress Disorders (Adults): An
Evidence-Based Guide, ed. by Christine A. Courtois, Julian D. Ford,
Bessel A. van der Kolk (Afterword), Judith L. Herman (Foreword), The Guilford Press, 2009
3. The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body
in the Healing of Trauma, by Bessel van der Kolk, Penguin Books, 2014 (kindle
2015-11-18)
4. Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of
Violence--From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror, by Judith L.
Herman, HarperCollins, 1992
5. Herman, J. L. (1992). Complex PTSD: A syndrome
in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress,
5(3), 377–391
https://www.apa.org/ptsd-guideline/ptsd.pdf (Clinical Practice Guideline
for the
Treatment of PTSD, American Psychological Association, 2017)
