舊石器時代中期

意思是說，舊石器時代晚期，就是智人進場的開始，意思是說，就是災難的開始，意思是說，回到更新世，要回到的是，智人進場之前的舊石器時代中期，意思是說，菊次郎，就是尼安德塔人，

The Middle Paleolithic (roughly 300,000 to 40,000–50,000 years ago) was a major prehistoric period characterized by the dominance of Neanderthals in Europe and early Homo sapiens in Africa. It featured advanced flake-based stone tools (Mousterian technology), the rise of hunting, and early signs of symbolic behavior, such as intentional burials and personal ornamentation.

Key Aspects of the Middle Paleolithic Age:

• Timeframe: Spanned from approximately 300,000 to 50,000–40,000 years ago.
• Hominins: Dominated by Neanderthals in Europe and Asia, and anatomically modern humans in Africa.
• Tool Technology: Known for the Mousterian tool industry, which involved the Levallois technique (prepared-core method) for creating consistent, specialized flakes, side scrapers, and points.
• Behavioral Innovations:
  • Intentional Burials: Evidence suggests Neanderthals began burying their dead, indicating symbolic thought.
  • Ritual/Art: Possible early art, including ochre use, engravings, and decorated eagle claws.
  • Subsistence: Shifted towards hunting rather than just scavenging, often taking large game.
  • Social Structure: Evidence of caring for the elderly or injured.
• End of the Period: The period ends with the decline of Neanderthals and the rise of modern human behavior (Upper Paleolithic). 

Important Sites:

• Europe: Neanderthal sites like Krapina (Croatia) and various sites in France.
• Middle East/Africa: Sites in the Levant (e.g., Tabūn Cave) show interaction between different human species. 

The Middle Paleolithic is sometimes referred to as the Middle Stone Age in Africa, where it was marked by increasing complexity in tool manufacture.