Before vertebrates, the history of animal evolution traces back to organisms known as invertebrates. These are animals without a backbone or spinal column. Invertebrates encompass a vast array of organisms, including sponges, cnidarians (such as jellyfish and corals), flatworms, roundworms, mollusks (like snails, clams, and octopuses), arthropods (insects, arachnids, crustaceans, etc.), echinoderms (like starfish and sea urchins), and many others.
These invertebrate groups appeared and diversified long before vertebrates emerged. They dominated the Earth's oceans and later diversified onto land as well. Vertebrates, with their internal skeleton made of bone or cartilage, represent a relatively recent development in the evolutionary timeline, arising around 500 million years ago.
起因是，我們先前說過，包子屌大無腦 （意思是說，生殖器夠用就好）（你要理解，香港開埠以來，最大的波是三十八吋，Cf 情聖 1991，毛舜荺曾欲整型五十六吋未果）（用就是實用 （pragmatic) 好用 （比如說，Toyota 很好開）的意思），國民黨則沒有脊梁骨 （精神分析說，無父則無脊梁）（我先前說過，大陸連續劇，劇本率為，母親什麼都管，父親則躲在時代的暗影，好像從來都沒有存在過）（意思是說，中共治下，中國無父）（魯迅說，父親的定義，就是頂住黑暗的閘門，讓孩子們在陽光下嬉戲）（無父的原因是，父親就是謊言，雙手沾滿人民的鮮血，和人奶宴的回憶）（無，就是 disavowal，就是不能承認屬於自己的它的存在），
