https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_biology
2010: Researchers publish in Science the first synthetic bacterial genome, called M. mycoides JCVI-syn1.0.[19][20] The genome is made from chemically-synthesized DNA using yeast recombination.
2011: Functional synthetic chromosome arms are engineered in yeast.[21]
2012: Charpentier and Doudna labs publish in Science the programming of CRISPR-Cas9 bacterial immunity for targeting DNA cleavage.[22] This technology greatly simplified and expanded eukaryotic gene editing.
2019: Scientists at ETH Zurich report the creation of the first bacterial genome, named Caulobacter ethensis-2.0, made entirely by a computer, although a related viable form of C. ethensis-2.0 does not yet exist.[23][24]
2019: Researchers report the production of a new synthetic (possibly artificial) form of viable life, a variant of the bacteria Escherichia coli, by reducing the natural number of 64 codons in the bacterial genome to 59 codons instead, in order to encode 20 amino acids.[25][26]
2020: Scientists created the first xenobot, a programmable synthetic organism derived from frog cells and designed by AI.[27]
2021: Scientists reported that xenobots are able to self-replicate by gathering loose cells in the environment and then forming new xenobot.[28]
