火成岩(igneous rock)又稱岩漿岩(magmatic rock),是指岩漿或熔岩冷卻和凝固後(地殼裡噴出的岩漿,或者被熔化的現存岩石)所形成的一種岩石。火成岩是三種主要岩石類型之一,其他兩種類型分別是沉積岩和變質岩。現在已經發現700多種火成岩,大部分是在地殼裡面的岩石。常見的火成岩有花崗岩、安山岩及玄武岩等。
- 玄武岩:是岩漿藉由火山口流出地面、快速冷卻而成。(basalt)
- 安山岩:是岩漿經緩和噴發而出,快速冷凝形成的。(andesite)
- 花崗岩:岩漿並不噴出地面,而是在地底下慢慢冷卻形成。(Granite)
Igneous rocks are “fire-born,” meaning that they are formed from the cooling and solidification of molten (melted) rock. The word igneous derives from ignis, the Latin word for “fire.” Molten rock material is known as magma (岩漿)until it is erupted onto the surface when it then is termed lava (熔岩).
意思是說,放眼所見,岩石來自,火山爆發,