https://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/330T/350kPEEHeideggerSelf-Assertion.pdf
Martin Heidegger served as the rector of the University of Freiburg from April 1933 to April 1934. [1]
- Election: He was elected rector on April 21, 1933, shortly after Adolf Hitler became German Chancellor. He officially joined the Nazi Party on May 1, 1933. [1, 2]
- Inaugural Address: He delivered his famous and controversial inaugural rectoral speech, "The Self-Assertion of the German University," on May 27, 1933. [1, 2]
- Resignation: He resigned the post in April 1934 (with some administrative disputes leading up to it in February 1934) after roughly one year in office. [1, 2, 3]
If you are researching this period, would you like to explore his controversial inaugural address or how this rectorship impacted his post-WWII teaching ban?
《德國大學之自我主張》(Die Selbstbehauptung der deutschen Universität)是德國哲學家馬丁·海德格爾(Martin Heidegger)於 1933年5月27日 就任弗萊堡大學校長時發表的就職演說。 [1, 2]
核心內容與背景
- 演說背景:1933年納粹黨掌權後,海德格爾加入納粹黨並出任弗萊堡大學校長,此演說體現了他當時將哲學使命與國家社會主義(National Socialism)結合的政治與思想企圖。 [1]
- 大學的本質:海德格爾認為大學不應只是傳授實用資訊或抽象技術的場所,而是要透過「科學」(Wissenschaft)來引領民族的命運與精神世界。 [1, 2]
- 三大勞務(服務):演說以所謂的「三種緊密相連的義務」取代傳統的學術自由:
- 勞動服務(Labor Service):對民族共同體的服務。
- 兵役服務(Military Service):對國家命運的承擔。
- 知識服務(Knowledge Service):對本質性真理與哲學追問的承擔。 [1]
- 科學與命運的結合:他將希臘哲學源頭的「追問」與德意志民族的歷史使命綁定,號召師生組成「戰鬥共同體」(battle community)。 [1]
後續發展
- 海德格爾的校長任期僅維持了大約一年,因與納粹黨內其他官僚與極端派別意見不合(例如拒絕配合開除反納粹教授),於 1934年2月 辭去校長職務。
- 這篇演說日後成為哲學界與歷史界審視海德格爾與納粹主義關係、以及探討學術權力與政治結合之極端爭議的核心文獻。 [1]
如果你想進一步了解,我們可以探討:
海德格爾如何重新定義古希臘哲學中的**「存在與追問」**這篇演說與當時納粹教育政策的具體關聯
你想從哪一個方向深入?