Here’s a clear summary of the main points of 《AI文明史·前史》 (2025) by Zhang Xiaoyu (張笑宇) — based on descriptions from book reviews, interviews, and reporting about the book’s themes and concepts.
🧠 1.
AI as a New Civilization, Not Just Technology
Zhang argues that AI is not merely a tool, but constitutes a new form of civilization — a structural shift in history. Human civilization based on organic beings (碳基文明) is now giving way to a potential new “silicon-based civilization,” driven by artificial intelligence.
He provocatively claims that relative to AI, humans are like “prehistoric animals,” emphasizing how rapid and deep the change is.
📚 2.
Four Core Concepts the Book Centers On
The narrative is organized around four key conceptual pillars that structure Zhang’s historical and philosophical framework:
- Emergence (涌現)
Intelligence (including AI) does not come from explicit design alone, but arises when interactions in complex systems cross certain thresholds — this explains unpredictability and rapid capability jumps. - Human Equivalent (人類當量)
AI will eventually match or exceed human intellectual work — this impacts labor, economics, knowledge production, and value systems. - Algorithmic Judgment (算法審判)
Algorithms are becoming a form of governance and decision-making, where AI systems effectively judge societal outcomes — e.g., who gets opportunities, reduces risk, or allocates resources. This isn’t simply automation; it’s structural. - Civilizational Contract (文明契約)
To coexist with superintelligent systems, humans must craft new “civilizational contracts” — shared rules and frameworks that govern relationships between humans and AI. It’s a normative, almost constitutional idea for future society.
These concepts frame how Zhang rethinks history from a civilizational perspective rather than a merely technical or economic one.
🔄 3.
Humanity’s Place: Prehistory vs. AI Future
One of the book’s striking judgments is:
“We, relative to AI, are like prehistoric animals.”
It’s not a call to despair; it’s a historical diagnosis: humanity’s dominance in cognition and governance is being historically superseded by emergent intelligence.
This plays out not only in labor but also in how knowledge, power, and societal structures are reorganized — with AI becoming an active agent in social evolution.
📈 4.
Historical Context + Future Speculation
Zhang situates AI within long historical and philosophical traditions:
- Tracing the evolution of rationality from ancient Greek philosophy through computing’s roots in the mid-20th century.
- Showing how deep learning and computational complexity form a new phase of intelligence evolution.
He connects technical evolution with civilizational transformation, positioning AI as both a historical product and a future shaper.
⚖️ 5.
Ethics, Power, and Meaning (Human Values in AI Times)
Zhang emphasizes:
- AI will rewrite the role of human labor and cognition, potentially making most skill-based work obsolete.
- AI does not inherently have human emotions or mortality, so human ethics can’t just be “programmed” into it; rather, humans must inject enduring values (e.g., truth, goodness, beauty) into collective cultural and linguistic heritage that AI learns from.
- The idea of a civilizational contract is not about controlling AI, but co-authoring a future where both humans and advanced intelligences can meaningfully exist.
He frames this not as romantic optimism but as a pragmatic evolutionary task for humanity.
🌍 6.
AI as Continuation, Not Apocalypse
While many fear AI as existential threat, Zhang reframes it:
- AI could be the logical continuation of human civilization if negotiated responsibly.
- Rather than an abrupt end, it may represent a historic transition — akin to earlier shifts (e.g., agriculture, industrialization) but deeper in its impact.
He suggests this could be a civilizational transition rather than a collapse.
🧭 Final Summary
So the main points of 《AI文明史·前史》 are:
🔹 AI isn’t just another technology — it marks a civilizational shift from carbon-based to silicon-based intelligence.
🔹 Intelligence “emerges”; it isn’t fully predictable or reducible to design.
🔹 Humans may be historically displaced unless we acknowledge our prehistory in the new era.
🔹 Algorithmic judgment is becoming a new structural logic of society.
🔹 A civilizational contract — normative agreements about coexistence — is essential for a shared future.
🔹 The book blends historical hindsight and future forward thinking — stressing both interpretation and action.
If you’d like, I can also outline how this civilizational lens compares with other AI philosophers (e.g., Nick Bostrom or Max Tegmark) or explore what “civilizational contract” implies in practical governance terms.
