Yes — as a rough picture, you can say that a wormhole connects a black-hole-like entrance to a white-hole-like exit. But physically, that needs several qualifications.
In the maximally extended Schwarzschild solution of general relativity, the geometry contains a black-hole region, a white-hole region, and two asymptotically separate exterior regions. The structure connecting the two exterior regions is the Einstein–Rosen bridge, the original mathematical wormhole.
The useful picture is therefore:
exterior universe A → black-hole side → wormhole/bridge → white-hole side → exterior universe B
But this particular Einstein–Rosen bridge is not traversable. It pinches off too quickly for a traveler or even a light signal to cross from one exterior universe to the other. So it is not the science-fiction tunnel people usually mean by “wormhole.”
A traversable wormhole, such as a Morris–Thorne wormhole, is different. It has two mouths and a throat, but the mouths do not have to be literal black and white holes. In fact, a usable traversable wormhole is normally constructed precisely so that there is no event horizon trapping you at the entrance. Such geometries generally require exotic stress-energy violating certain classical energy conditions.
There is also a deeper conceptual distinction worth making:
Black hole and white hole describe causal behavior; wormhole describes topology/geometry.
A black hole is a region you can enter but cannot escape. A white hole is its time reverse: you can leave it but cannot enter it. A wormhole is a shortcut or connection between otherwise separated regions of spacetime. In one famous solution these three ideas occur together, which is why they are so easily conflated.
So I would formulate your sentence this way:
「在 Einstein–Rosen 的理想化時空中，可以把 wormhole 想成介於 black-hole region 與 white-hole region 之間的橋；但 wormhole 本身並不等於『黑洞通向白洞的管子』。」
And there is something philosophically interesting here, especially in connection with your recent interest in wormholes and Murakami: the black hole → wormhole → white hole image almost naturally becomes 離開此世界的入口 → 不屬於任何一邊的 passage → 在另一處重新出現. The interesting ontological object is arguably not either endpoint but precisely that in-between which is not itself a place.
