https://www.pccs-books.co.uk/authors/paul-gordon
https://freepsychotherapynetwork.com/paul-gordon/
These ponderings attempt to let themselves be appropriated by the event. (Beiträge zur Philosophie (Vom Ereignis), Martin Heidegger, 1936–38/1989)
Part I of this book gives particular attention to freedom as an “aesthetic idea” that informs certain philosophical discussions of freedom in Kant, Schelling, Nietzsche, Sartre, Camus and Isaiah Berlin. The critical concept of “positive freedom” is discussed in the first chapter and continues to inform the entire book. In Part II, the more “practical” application of these ideas with respect to certain “zones” of freedom such as academia (“academic freedom”), religion (“religious freedom”), art (“artistic freedom”), “free speech,” and “political freedom” are discussed Finally, in the Epilogue, the surprising relationship of “friendship” to “freedom” that begins with their close etymological relationship is discussed.
Positive Freedom vs Negative Freedom
What does the distinction of positive freedom vs negative freedom mean? (ChatGPT, 2024-11-3)
The distinction between positive freedom and negative freedom originates from philosopher Isaiah Berlin, who outlined these two contrasting concepts in his 1958 essay, Two Concepts of Liberty. Here’s what each term means:
Negative Freedom
Negative freedom (or “freedom from”) refers to freedom from interference by others, particularly by external authorities like the government. It’s about the absence of obstacles or constraints imposed by outside forces. If you have negative freedom, you are free to act as you wish without being prevented by others. This type of freedom is often associated with personal autonomy and limited state intervention.
For example:
• Freedom of speech is a negative freedom, as it allows individuals to express their ideas without censorship or restriction.
• Freedom of religion, where individuals can practice any religion (or none) without interference, is also a form of negative freedom.
Negative freedom emphasizes non-interference, where freedom exists as long as there is no active restriction on one’s choices or actions.
Positive Freedom
Positive freedom (or “freedom to”) is the freedom to control one’s own life and realize one’s potential, often requiring certain capabilities, resources, or support structures. It’s about being empowered or enabled to achieve your goals, which sometimes means having access to resources, opportunities, or the support to act on your own will. Positive freedom is often seen as freedom of self-mastery, self-realization, or self-determination.
For example:
• Access to education can be seen as a form of positive freedom, as it enables individuals to grow and pursue their goals.
• Economic support or social services (like healthcare) might be seen as positive freedoms, as they empower individuals to lead stable, autonomous lives.
Positive freedom emphasizes empowerment, where freedom involves having the means and capabilities to make real choices and live a fulfilling life.
Key Differences and Tensions
• Negative freedom is about non-interference—being left alone without others restricting your choices.
• Positive freedom is about empowerment—having the resources or means to achieve what you truly want.
This distinction is often at the heart of political and philosophical debates. Advocates of negative freedom might argue that individuals should be left alone without interference, emphasizing individual responsibility and self-reliance. Proponents of positive freedom argue that, in order for people to be genuinely free, society must ensure that they have the resources or opportunities to exercise their freedom fully.
Berlin himself cautioned against conflating the two, warning that an overemphasis on positive freedom (especially if pursued through authoritative means) could lead to coercive policies under the guise of “empowering” people.
(一) 自體的心理學的哲學
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2025 息壤開課
[ 自體的心理學 ]
不忍辜負,此詐(乍)現之生,所作已辦,為而不有,尋訪蒼青駐足,行止交由,天色決定,遂逕往,車行形上學,宇宙塵埃而去。
https://kellychang2713.blogspot.com/search?q=SP+2024&max-results=20&by-date=true
1121109
2024 (未)開課
[ 自體的心理學 ]
1. 精神分析內部資源:Danielle Knafo,Karen Maroda,Jacques Lacan,Wilfred Bion,Heinz Kohut,
2. 精神分析外部資源:社會學,歷史學,文學,後結構主義,混沌理論,量子力學,場論,批判的傳統,Decolonizing Therapy (Jennifer Mullan,2023),Decolonial Psychology (Lillian Comas-Diaz,et al,2024),Daniel José Gaztambide(2021, 2024),熊十力 (1885-1968),Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1967),陳白沙 (1428-1500),湛甘泉(1466-1560),王陽明 (1472-1529),吳汝鈞,京都學派,阿含經,禪門驪珠集,沙河悲歌,龍天樓,等待果陀,
3. 基進列傳:Benedictus de Spinoza (1632-1677),Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862),John Muir (1838-1914),Paul Shepard (1925-1996),David Smail (1938-2014),Thomas Szasz (1920-2012),Frantz Fanon (1925-1961),R. D. Laing (1927-1989),Paul Gordon,Manu Bazzano,Del Loewenthal,D&G,Antonin Artaud (1896-1948),Georges Bataille (1897-1962),Francis Bacon (1909-1992),「越過時空,在宇宙爆炸,星辰生成,混沌邊緣,相會」,
4. 什麼是自體的心理學:什麼不是自體的心理學?什麼是現代性?什麼是治療文化?
5. 哲學的關鍵:「空無 vs 生機」 (Negativity vs Vitality);「物的反撲,人的退位」vs「物的復位,人的復位」;「Agential Realism」 (Karen Barad);「尋找有趣的生命型態」;「臨時演員尋找有對白的劇本」(美智子,買兇拍人,2001);「巖中花樹療法」,「草木瓦石,皆有良知」;「事件」;「becoming > being,becoming is being」,「分裂分析」 (schizoanalysis)?「體用不二,翕闢成變」;「所作已辦,為而不有」
1120109
那本書 (二)
[ 從自體心理學到自體的心理學 ]
To understand just one life you have to swallow (the fragments of) the world. (Salman Rushdie)
前言:
什麼是自體的心理學?
(一) 精神分析簡史:從一人心理學到二人心理學
1.1 精采迭出的一九二零年代
1.2 解釋架構重心的移轉
1.3 關係學派的故事
(二) 大於二的世界:什麼是三人心理學?
2.1 批判的心理治療
2.2 強調生成的存在治療
2.3 後結構主義的心理治療
(三) 人的復位:回到自然,回到歷史
3.1 石鼓細路行人稀:細數大地風雲人物
3.2 關於熊十力先生的二三事
3.3 九萬八千座水壩
(四) D&G 教了我們什麼?
4.1 什麼是分裂分析 (schizoanalysis) ?
4.2 野草的根莖的聯結
4.3 非意指的符號學 (a-signifying semiotics)
(五) 症狀學和事件的優先性
5.1 什麼是事件
5.2 什麼是事件的精神醫學
5.3 什麼是事件的心理治療
(六) 故舊天涯三杯酒
6.1 一九二九的懷德海
6.2 一九七零年代的拉岡桑
6.3 一九二二的熊十力
(七) 物的反撲:來到二十一世紀
7.1 Agential realism (Karen Barad)
7.2 New materialism
7.3 Object Oriented Ontology (Graham Harman)
結語:
自體的心理學的最後一章:後人類的世界
基于自體的心理學的心理治療,殊勝何在?
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最困難的是,如何說明,上述「流竄」的邏輯,
精神分析理論的發展,主要的邏輯,是「內在執念的辯證」,
意思是說,有人執一念,成一說,未幾,就會有另一個人,執相對之一念,成相對之一說,
比如說,「客體」關係理論,成一說,就會有「自體」心理學,成另一說,意思是說,一「正」,一「反」,如此說來,關係學派遂為「合」,
意思是說,我們此刻,正在尋找,這個合的「下一個反」,
但是,此書的流竄,分明是另一種邏輯,非上述精神分析理論的內部辯證,意思是說,非治療室內的邏輯,
意思是說,此書的流竄來自,那個人,打開門,走進這個世界的,治療室外的沖擊,
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我想,學思論述,遍地是坑,很易掉入,某個坑內,遂ㄧ世不見天日,好聽的說法是,死守家園,一畝三分,有本有源,難聽的說法是,井底之蛙,坐井觀天,以管窺天,
而時至今日,信息爆炸,遍地都是,各式各樣,海量文獻資料庫,個人再怎麼用力 (data-driven),也不及人工智能,所得信息,之億萬分之一,意思是說,生命個體,再怎麼貪多,也不及人工智能之無所不知,
所以生命個體,貴不在數量速度,貴在于「見」(「見」識「見」解),若能識見某「真正重要的問題之問題性」,因而有獨到見解,則人工智能,未必能及,
意思是說,博覽不歇,以至獨到,這是個人,面對天地,浩瀚穹蒼,猶望創造,之唯一微薄可能,
1131103
昆德拉看著傑洛米良久,我看著那個人亙久,
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