|
Dimension |
Qi Wu Lun (齊物論， Zhuangzi) |
Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) |
Speculative Materialism |
New Materialism |
Agential Realism (Karen Barad) |
|
Ontological Premise |
All things are equal in Dao; distinctions are perspectival and provisional. |
All objects (human/nonhuman) exist equally, withdrawn from full access. |
Matter exists independently of thought; rejects correlationism. |
Matter is dynamic, emergent, entangled with discourses. |
Matter and meaning are inseparable; reality is enacted through intra-action. |
|
Relation Between Human & Nonhuman |
Radical leveling: humans, animals, inanimate share the same ontological field. |
Humans are not ontologically privileged; all entities equally “real” |
Human cognition is contingent; reality exists beyond human access. |
Human and nonhuman agencies co-constitute realities. |
Agency is distributed; humans are part of larger entangled agencies. |
|
View of Knowledge |
Relativistic; truths are contextual, dependent on standpoint. |
No single privileged perspective; objects withdraw from complete knowing. |
Philosophy must think the absolute without recourse to human perspective. |
Knowledge is situated, embodied, and relational. |
Knowing is a material practice, part of world’s ongoing becoming. |
|
Change & Becoming |
Transformation is constant; distinctions dissolve in the flow of Dao. |
Objects have temporal trajectories but retain withdrawn essence. |
Contingency is absolute; no necessary structures. |
Emphasis on process, emergence, affect. |
Ontology is performative; phenomena emerge through intra-action. |
|
Ethico-political Implication |
Let-go of rigid distinctions; cultivate openness and adaptability. |
Ethics from respecting the autonomy of all objects. |
Humility before the real’s ;indifference to human concerns. |
Responsibility in multispecies, more-than-human worlds. |
Accountability in material-discursive entanglements. |
|
Core Metaphor / Image |
“Equalizing things” (齊物）; butterfly dream; harmony of differences. |
“Flat ontology”, withdrawn objects. |
“Great outdoors” beyond human-world correlation. |
“Matter that matters” in lively, relational fields. |
“Intra-action” as the weaving of being and knowing. |
