Jacques Rivière (1886-1925)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Rivi%C3%A8re

Soon after the end of the war, Rivière restarted the NRF (the publication of which had been stopped during the war). With Rivière's direction, publication of the NRF resumed on 1 June 1919, and it later published the works of such writers as Marcel Proust, François Mauriac, Paul Valéry, Saint-John Perse, Jean Giraudoux and Jules Romains. 

Rivière is remembered primarily for his 1923–24 exchange of letters with Antonin Artaud, for the remarkable ways Artaud resists Rivière's attempts at critical, literary, even psychological reduction. 

About this time Rivière largely neglected his own career as a writer, and wrote only one short psychological novel, Aimé, published in 1922. 

The Terrifying A.I. Scam That Uses Your Loved One’s Voice

https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-artificial-intelligence/the-terrifying-ai-scam-that-uses-your-loved-ones-voice?utm_source=nl&utm_brand=tny&utm_mailing=TNY_Daily_030724&utm_campaign=aud-dev&utm_medium=email&utm_term=tny_daily_digest&bxid=5e1b55bc576f2c5df1220065&cndid=59646955&hasha=55cfbc3c817bcf26b54c8d19b8fe535a&hashb=2f53836f758ec35266827c1a73652d20b8cf5159&hashc=bfe0b2e9bf93f6b293aad4baaf1694d4ef3d86677736166ccb6e8563430c861d&esrc=bounceX&mbid=CRMNYR012019

Why Do So Many Mental Illnesses Overlap?

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-do-so-many-mental-illnesses-overlap/

Put another way, scientists say there exists a propensity to develop any of a range of psychiatric problems. They call this predisposition the general psychopathology factor, or p factor. This shared tendency is not a minor contributor to the extent to which someone develops symptoms of mental illness. In fact, it explains about 40 percent of the risk.

3/8/24 (星期五)

略回溫，仍料峭，Artaud's late works of the 22-months post-Rodez period revealed a kind of lucidity，what did that lucidity mean？蘇小和昨說，莫言自殺，小和放了一段，莫言歌頌毛澤東的視頻，意思是說，所謂中國所謂諾貝爾所謂文學獎所謂得主，水平不過舔毛，意思是說，莫言應改名為莫舔，

Antonin Artaud torturé par les psychiatres (Isidore Isou, 1970) (negativity vs vitality) (nihilism)

https://www.lespressesdureel.com/EN/ouvrage.php?id=7742&menu=0

Georges Bataille (1897-1962) (negativity vs vitality) (nihilism)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bataille

Emil Mihai Cioran (1911-1995) (negativity vs vitality) (nihilism)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Cioran

Emil Mihai Cioran (Romanian: [eˈmil tʃoˈran] ^ⓘ, French: [emil sjɔʁɑ̃]; 8 April 1911 – 20 June 1995) was a Romanian philosopher, aphorist and essayist, who published works in both Romanian and French. His work has been noted for its pervasive philosophical pessimism, style, and aphorisms. His works frequently engaged with issues of suffering, decay, and nihilism. In 1937, Cioran moved to the Latin Quarter of Paris, which became his permanent residence, wherein he lived in seclusion with his partner, Simone Boué, until his death in 1995.

The Latin Quarter of Paris became Cioran's permanent residence. He lived most of his life in seclusion, avoiding the public, but still maintained contact with numerous friends, including Mircea Eliade, Eugène Ionesco, Paul Celan, Samuel Beckett, Henri Michaux and Fernando Savater.

Dolce far niente

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolce_far_niente

這種事情，通常發生在陽光下，尤其好幾個月，沒有洗澡的時候，

3/7/24 (星期四）（negativity vs vitality) (nihilism) (存在治療）

小說，是另一個世界，意思是說，面對鄉下孩子們，那個百無聊賴的，小學老師劉武雄，心裡神遊的，是另一個，七等生的世界，你要理解，七等生的遭遇，就是你我的人生，尤其中年那段，沒有什麼不尋常，意思是說，唯其有那，另一個世界，眼前這個世界，才可能擠出一點，像是意義的東西，意思是說，存在治療，就是找到那，另一個世界，以致一個人，可以在眼前這個世界，自圓其說，繼續自欺欺人，意思是說，知道真相，謊言遂可，回到它的家，回到它存在的理由，你要理解，上述就是，放學後，在通霄海水，泅泳的七等生，心裡未說的實話，那時天色已暗，七等生不止一次，幾乎遏止不住的衝動，往無垠的海平線，逕游去，意思是說，放下殘局，不再上岸，意思是說，他跨過的，只是沙河，這本小說，大海彼岸，他畢竟沒有書成，

Eugene Thacker （negativity vs vitality) (nihilism)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Thacker

The writing of Ligotti and Eugene Thacker is cited as an influence on the 2021 album The Nightmare of Being by the Gothenburg melodic death metal band At the Gates.^[25]

Bibliography

• Hard Code: Narrating the Network Society. Edited by Eugene Thacker. Alt-X Press, 2002. ISBN 978-1931560047.
• Biomedia. University of Minnesota Press, 2004. ISBN 978-0816643530.
• Creative Biotechnology: A User's Manual, co-authored with Natalie Jeremijenko and Heath Bunting. Locus+, 2004. ISBN 978-1899377220.
• The Global Genome: Biotechnology, Politics, and Culture. MIT Press, 2005. ISBN 978-0262701167.
• The Exploit: A Theory of Networks, co-authored with Alexander R. Galloway. University of Minnesota Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0816650446.
• After Life. University of Chicago Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0226793726.
• In the Dust of This Planet (Horror of Philosophy Vol. 1). Zero Books, 2011. ISBN 978-1846946769.
• Leper Creativity: The Cyclonopedia Symposium, co-edited with Ed Keller and Nicola Masciandaro. Punctum Books, 2012. ISBN 978-0615600468.
• Excommunication: Three Inquiries in Media and Mediation, co-authored with Alexander R. Galloway and McKenzie Wark. University of Chicago Press, 2013. ISBN 978-0226925226.
• Dark Nights of the Universe, co-authored with Daniel Colucciello Barber, Nicola Masciandaro, Alexander R. Galloway and François Laruelle. [NAME] Publications, 2013. ISBN 978-0984056675.
• And They Were Two in One and One in Two, co-edited with Nicola Masciandaro. Schism Press, 2014. ISBN 978-1494701239.
• Starry Speculative Corpse (Horror of Philosophy Vol. 2). Zero Books, 2015. ISBN 978-1782798910.
• Tentacles Longer Than Night (Horror of Philosophy Vol. 3). Zero Books, 2015. ISBN 978-1782798897.
• Cosmic Pessimism, with drawings by Keith Tilford. Univocal Publishing, 2015. ISBN 978-1937561475.
• Infinite Resignation. Repeater Books, 2018. ISBN 978-1912248193.
• An Ideal for Living: An Anti-Novel (20th Anniversary Edition). Schism Press, 2020. ISBN 979-8682903832.
• Arthur Schopenhauer, On The Suffering Of The World. Edited with an Introduction by Eugene Thacker. Repeater Books, 2020. ISBN 978-1913462031.
• The Repeater Book of the Occult, co-edited with Tariq Goddard. Repeater Books, 2021. ISBN 978-1913462079.
• Songs for Sad Poets, Siavash Amini & Eugene Thacker, Hallow Ground Records, 2022^[41]
• Sad Planets. Co-authored with Dominic Pettman. Polity, forthcoming 2024.

Thomas Ligotti (b 1953) (negativity vs vitality) (nihilism)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Ligotti

意思是說，天底下，既然有哲學恐怖小說，就應該有哲學偵探小說，

Thomas Ligotti (born July 9, 1953) is an American horror writer. His writings are rooted in several literary genres – most prominently weird fiction – and have been described by critics as works of philosophical horror, often formed into short stories and novellas in the tradition of gothic fiction.^[1] The worldview espoused by Ligotti in his fiction and non-fiction has been described as pessimistic and nihilistic.^[1][2] The Washington Post called him "the best kept secret in contemporary horror fiction."^[3]

Bibliography

• Songs of a Dead Dreamer (1985, rev. & exp. 1989)
• Grimscribe: His Lives and Works (1991)
• Noctuary (1994)
• The Agonizing Resurrection of Victor Frankenstein and Other Gothic Tales (1994)
• The Nightmare Factory (1996). Essentially an omnibus of selections from Ligotti's first three collections, with a concluding section containing new stories. All of the stories in the concluding section were later printed in Teatro Grottesco.
• In a Foreign Town, in a Foreign Land (1997, accompanying CD by Current 93)
• I Have a Special Plan for This World (2000, accompanying CD by Current 93)
• This Degenerate Little Town (2001, accompanying CD by Current 93)
• The Unholy City (2002, accompanying CD by Current 93)
• My Work Is Not Yet Done: Three Tales of Corporate Horror (2002)
• Crampton: A Screenplay (2003, with Brandon Trenz) (Unproduced screenplay written in 1998 for an episode of The X-Files)
• Sideshow, and Other Stories (2003)
• Death Poems (2004)
• The Shadow at the Bottom of the World (2005)
• Teatro Grottesco (2006, reprinted in 2008)
• The Conspiracy Against the Human Race (2010)
• The Spectral Link (2014)
• Born to Fear: Interviews with Thomas Ligotti (2014), edited by Matt Cardin
• Songs of a Dead Dreamer & Grimscribe (2015)
• The Small People (2021). A chapbook reprint of a single story previously collected in The Spectral Link.
• Paradoxes From Hell (2021). A chapbook reprint of a previously uncollected story and two poems.
• Pictures of Apocalypse (2023). A collection of 20 new poems.

Adaptations

Graphic novels

• The Nightmare Factory (2007)
• The Nightmare Factory – Volume 2 (2008)

無中生有

無中生有，無，何以生，以致有，這是謎一，

有，何以執意，他毀自毀，以致復無，這是謎二，

謎之為謎，一大于二，意思是說，何以生，是最大的謎，意思是說，何以毀，是惡意造作，你要理解，惡，是無情操之殘障者，想像力創造力貧困 (poverty of imagination and creativity) 所致，意思是說，這種貨色，實在無趣，

Agape

https://cchchk.org/article/city/topic/hk220103a/

猶太人與撒瑪利亞人本為仇敵，但面對那個被強盜打劫受傷的猶太人，撒瑪利亞人不計前嫌，主動上前幫忙，回程時還替他付清酒店房間一切的費用。

WINDOWS ON THE ECSTATIC: Reflections on Robert Corrington's Naturalism (Roger A. Badham, 1999)

https://www.jstor.org/stable/41178948

Sri Aurobindo (1872-1950)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo

自然何以療癒

自然是，語言前，文字前，符號前，理性前，非理性前，的存在，意思是說，語言文字符號理性非理性，與療癒皆無關，

意思是說，回到自然，成為自然的一部分，就是療癒，

但是，叔本華說，演化是苦難的歷史，意思是說，演化是無情的，物種滅絕是無情的，意思是說，自然是無情的，

所以，成為自然的一部分，意謂著無情嗎，

如果，人，不忍甘於無情，情有何用，情能阻擋得了，自然的無情嗎，

西方科學，意在控制自然，預測自然，

情，無意控制，無意預測，情，只是惻隱，只是不忍，

小結，回到自然，成為自然的一部分，意在知天命，盡人事，意思是說，畢竟沒有完全回到自然，畢竟沒有完全成為自然的一部分，

那留下來一點，沒有完全回到自然，沒有完全成為自然的部分，我們就稱之為，回到歷史，

意思是說，回到歷史，因為有情，須盡人事，回到自然，因為接受，單單有情，無力回天，

Panentheism (萬有在神論) vs Pantheism (泛神論)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panentheism

前者，神創造萬物，包括，烏蠅蜜蜂，

後者，烏蠅蜜蜂，皆有神性，

簡單講，烏蠅蜜蜂，就是神，

Panentheism /pænenˈθiːɪzəm/ ("all in God", from the Greek πᾶν, pân, 'all', ἐν, en, 'in' and Θεός, Theós, 'God')^[1] is the belief that the divine intersects every part of the universe and also extends beyond space and time. The term was coined by the German philosopher Karl Krause in 1828 (after reviewing Hindu scripture) to distinguish the ideas of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (1775–1854) about the relation of God and the universe from the supposed pantheism (泛神論) of Baruch Spinoza.^[1] Unlike pantheism, which holds that the divine and the universe are identical,^[2] panentheism maintains an ontological distinction between the divine and the non-divine and the significance of both.

In panentheism, the universal spirit is present everywhere, which at the same time "transcends" all things created. While pantheism asserts that "all is God", panentheism claims that God is greater than the universe. Some versions of panentheism suggest that the universe is nothing more than the manifestation of God. In addition, some forms indicate that the universe is contained within God,^[2] like in the Kabbalah concept of tzimtzum. Much of Hindu thought is highly characterized by panentheism and pantheism.^[3][4]

Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson

存款變國債

剛剛蔡奇兩會，邊搔屁眼邊說，奉包子指示，全部中國人民，全部銀行存款，全部瞬間歸零，全部變成國債，全部變成廁紙，

https://youtu.be/ep8r0HXehjk?si=jG7ywQsQ45OyM-Bh

will to live (German: Wille zum Leben) (negativity vs vitality) (nihilism)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_to_live

The will to live (German: Wille zum Leben) is a concept developed by the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, representing an irrational "blind incessant impulse without knowledge" that drives instinctive behaviors, causing an endless insatiable striving in human existence.

This is contrasted with the concept of the will to survive under life threatening conditions used in psychology^{[citation needed]} since Schopenhauer’s notion of the will to live is more broadly understood as the “animal[istic] force to endure, reproduce and flourish.”^[1]

There are significant correlations between the will to live and existential, psychological, social, and physical sources of distress.^[2]Many, who overcome near-death experiences with no explanation, have described the will to live as a direct component of their survival.^[3] The difference between the wish to die versus the wish to live is also a unique risk factor for suicide.^[4]

六個作者尋找一個角色

剛剛突然知道，尋找角色，必須回到神話學，你要理解，神話是洪荒的人，面對天地，所留下的角色的原型 (archetype)，時至今日，天昏地暗，我們面對的，是如何的廢墟，我們只能窩囊，還能期望成為，怎麼樣有趣的角色，你告訴我，意思是說，我們最好的結局，是窩囊的有趣，或有趣的窩囊，這明顯反英雄 （anti-hero) ，劉德華為什麼投共，就是因為他以為他是英雄，我先前說過，看港片，要看配角，因為配角演的，才是自己，意思是說，主角是假的，配角才是真的，

Everything to Know About OpenAI’s New Text-to-Video Generator, Sora

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/sora-openai-text-video-generator/

Sudhir Kakar (b 1938)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudhir_Kakar

He began his training in psychoanalysis at the University of Frankfurt's Sigmund Freud Institute in 1971.

In 1975, Sudhir Kakar moved to Delhi. 

Deep Pantheism Toward a New Transcendentalism (ROBERT S. CORRINGTON, 2015) （negativity vs vitality)

Introduction: Classical and Ordinal Phenomenology 

Chapter One: Nature Naturing and Nature Natured

Chapter Two: Ordinal Psychoanalysis and the Selving Process

Chapter Three: Religion and Art—From Revelation to the Sublime

Chapter Four: Archetypes, Evolution, and Betweenness

Chapter Five: Involution and the Encompassing

Postscript: A New Transcendentalism

Nature and Nothingness An Essay in Ordinal Phenomenology (ROBERT S. CORRINGTON, 2017) (negativity vs vitality)

Chapter One: Religion, Violence, and Nature

Chapter Two: Horror and Totalizing Nothingness

Chapter Three: Nature’s Psyche

Chapter Four: Art, Barbarism, and Civilization

Chapter Five: Naturing Nothingness

Chapter Six: Encompassing Nothingness

Discourse and Truth: the Problematization of Parrhesia （Foucault, 1983)

https://foucault.info/parrhesia/

https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/D/bo27178077.html

See also 

https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail/02588412-201606-201708170020-201708170020-57-91

https://www.amazon.com/Courage-Michel-Foucault-Lectures-Coll%C3%A8ge/dp/1403986681

parrhesia (直言）(存在治療）

https://www.books.com.tw/web/sys_serialtext/?item=0010784107

https://www.ea.sinica.edu.tw/file/File/2013%20%E5%82%85%E6%9F%AF%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%BB%E9%AB%94%E6%80%A7%E8%88%87%E7%9C%9F%E7%90%86%E5%88%9D%E6%8E%A2%20(%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E9%A5%97%E5%AE%B4).pdf

http://ir.nptu.edu.tw/bitstream/987654321/2178/1/942413H153009.pdf

Creative destruction (German: schöpferische Zerstörung) (negativity vs vitality)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_destruction

Now, 問題是，我們通常見到的是，destructive destruction，意思是說，徒有破壞，沒有創造出什麼真正的新鳥來，意思是說，我們被迫相信，那些鳥，是我們從來沒有見過的鳥，意思是說，那些鳥，其實只是我們見過無數次的鳥，只不過換個名字，換個包裝，這就是王滬寧最擅長的事，意思是說，王滬寧專長鳥學，擅長舊鳥假裝新鳥，

Does the Nothing Noth? (Michael Inwood, 2010) (negativity vs vitality) (nihilism)

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/royal-institute-of-philosophy-supplements/article/abs/does-the-nothing-noth/273A11D87334049F401D3B2FFC1159DA

In 1929 Heidegger gave his Freiburg inaugural lecture entitled ‘What is Metaphysics?’ In it he announced: Das Nichts selbst nichtet, ‘The Nothing itself noths (or ‘nihilates’, or ‘nothings’). This soon earned Heidegger fame as a purveyor of metaphysical nonsense. In his 1931 paper, ‘Overcoming of Metaphysics through Logical Analysis of Language’ Rudolf Carnap charged Heidegger with the offences of the whole metaphysical genre. His sentence has the same grammatical form as the sentence ‘The rain rains’ – a sentence which Carnap, or at least his translator, regarded as a ‘meaningful sentence of ordinary language’. But this harmless guise conceals severe logical blemishes. Heidegger treats the indefinite pronoun ‘nothing’ as a noun, as the ‘name or description of an entity’. (When he says ‘The nothing noths’ he surely does not mean ‘There is nothing that noths’ or ‘It is not the case that anything noths’.) He introduces the meaningless word ’to noth‘. He implies, and later affirms, the existence of the nothing, when the ‘existence of this entity would be denied in its very definition’. If all this were not enough, the sentence is meaningless, since it is neither analytic, nor contradictory, nor empirical. It is metaphysics, and metaphysics seriously damages our spiritual health.

See also 

Is “Nothing nothings” true ?

https://blog.oup.com/2015/10/nothing-nothings-philosophy/

3/5/24 (星期二)

再暖一天，狗老闆搬到寶山街春日路口，

3/4/24 （星期一）（negativity vs vitality) （存在治療）

春暖，你要理解，這是一個紀錄，意思是說，也許，只是也許，這是一個存在的紀錄，你要理解，存在是在往返重複中彰顯，這就是尼采桑講的 eternal return，差別是，他說的是，will to power，我說的是，will to（simply) repeat (i.e. not to give up returning, for absolute nothing)，意思是說，尼采要的是，重複完美重複的那次，我要的是，重複不完美重複的那次，意思是說，大家都搞錯了，尼采的虛無，還心存希望，還不夠徹底絕望，你要理解，為了這個重複不完美的重複，我居然還為此，沐浴更衣，意思是說，把它當作宗教儀式對待，所以你終於知道，這是 transcendental immanence，意思是說，這就是德勒茲講的 pure immanence，

遠藤周作的故居，成為紀念館，位在海邊，意思是說，孟祥森的故居，亦應成為紀念館，亦位在海邊，這件事沒有發生，說明台灣人，對人文歷史無感，你要理解，人文地理，人文歷史，就是人在大地，留下的已經消失的痕跡，這件事你要中年以後才知道，意思是說，中年以後，已於事無補，

印度佛學，錫蘭佛學，南傳東南亞佛學，北傳西藏佛學，東傳漢傳佛學，韓國佛學，日本佛學，乃至西傳佛學，皆各有其特色，如何說明，這個各有特色，

Robert S. Corrington (b 1950) (negativity vs vitality)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_S._Corrington

a metaphysics of nature

Books

• Editor (with Hausman, Carl and Seebohm, Thomas M.): Pragmatism Considers Phenomenology (1987)
• The Community of Interpreters: On the Hermeneutics of Nature and the Bible in the American Philosophical Tradition (1987, 2nd ed. 1995)
• Editor (with Marsoobian, Armen and Wallace, Kathleen): Buchler, Justus Metaphysics of Natural Complexes (1990)
• Editor (with Marsoobian, Armen and Wallace, Kathleen): Nature's Perspective: Prospects of Ordinal Metaphysics (1991)
• Nature and Spirit: An Essay in Ecstatic Naturalism (1992)
• An Introduction to C.S. Peirce: Philosopher, Semiotician, and Ecstatic Naturalist (1993)
• Ecstatic Naturalism: Signs of the World (1994)
• Nature's Self: Our Journey from Origin to Spirit (1996)
• Nature's Religion (1997)
• A Semiotic Theory of Theology and Philosophy (2000)
• Wilhelm Reich: Psychoanalyst and Radical Naturalist (2003)
• Riding the Windhorse: Manic Depressive Disorder and the Quest for Wholeness (2003)
• Nature's Sublime: An Essay In Aesthetic Naturalism (2013)
• Deep Pantheism: Toward a New Transcendentalism (2016)
• Nature and Nothingness: An Essay in Ordinal Phenomenology (2016)

Plays

• Black Hole Sonata (or Waiting for Steven Hawking)
• One, Two, Three

Pantheism (negativity vs vitality）

多神論，神無所不在，巖中花樹，草木瓦石，烏蠅蜜蜂，DiDiGoGo，皆有良知，皆有佛性，遂皆為神，德勒茲，印度教，Haecceity (Duns Scotus) ，如來藏，道家，明顯多神，多神論義在，禮讚自然，意思是說，鳶飛魚躍，回到自然，就是多神，

意思是說，回到自然，是一個多神論的愛生的信念，回到歷史，則是一個黑格爾歷史哲學的戀屍的黑夜，

意思是說，一神論，就是 transcendence，獨裁專制，定于一尊，造神運動 （人為造作，堆積垃圾，假裝是山，深掘坑洞，假裝是海），多神諭，就是 immanence，去中心化，民主自由，誰都可以不鳥誰，但是誰都不可以任意侵犯誰，意思是說，我捍衛你有不鳥我的權利，你捍衛我有不鳥你的權利，你我都有權利，各自作你我，再決定你我，要不要想不想願不願，成為因緣聚會的我們，然後我們捍衛你們有不鳥我們的權利，你們捍衛我們有不鳥你們的權利，你們我們都有權利，各自作你們我們，以此類推，意思是說，自由非肆意妄為，有其公理的界線，烏蠅遂可以好好做烏蠅，蜜蜂遂可以好好做蜜蜂，

意思是說，一神論，就是 negativity，就是共匪把中國人民當作人礦，收割韭菜，活摘器官，集中力量辦惡事，多神論，就是 vitality，就是中國人民忍無可忍，兀須再忍，根莖聯結，野火燒不盡，春風吹又生，遍地開花的分子革命，

John Scotus Eriugena (c. 800 – c. 877)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Scotus_Eriugena

Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra (大方等如來藏經）

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tath%C4%81gatagarbha_S%C5%ABtra

The Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra is an influential and doctrinally striking Mahāyāna Buddhist scripture which treats of the existence of the "Tathāgatagarbha" (Buddha-Matrix, Buddha-Embryo, lit. "the womb of the thus-come-one") within all sentient creatures. According to the Buddha, all sentient beings are born with buddha-nature and have the potential to become a Buddha. Physical and mental defilements of everyday life act as clouds over this nature and usually prevent this realization. This nature is no less than the indwelling Buddha himself.

Origins and development

Anthony Barber associates the development of the Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra with the Mahāsāṃghikasect of Buddhism, and concludes that the Mahāsāṃghikas of the Āndhra region (i.e. the Caitikaschools) were responsible for the inception of the Tathāgatagarbha doctrine.^[1]

The Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra is considered "the earliest expression of this [the tathāgatagarbha doctrine] and the term tathāgatagarbha itself seems to have been coined in this very sutra."^[2] The text is no longer extant in its language of origin, but is preserved in two Tibetan and two Chinese translations. 

如來藏（梵語：Tathāgatagarbha），大乘佛教術語，是指大乘佛教的教理中，一切眾生本自具有、與佛同等、本自清淨的心性，又稱作佛性、真如、本識、本際、實際、法身、無垢識。眾生雖有本自清淨的心性，為煩惱遮蔽時，是感召因緣果報的阿賴耶識、異熟識、第八識，修行淨除煩惱後，才是真如、佛性、如來藏。

梵語：Tathāgatagarbha由Tathāgata與garbha組成。

• 如來（Tathāgata），字根源自如（tathatā）或真如，是佛性的同義字。
• garbha，其字根來自動詞garh，或grabh，意為懷孕，生產。由此動詞衍生出的名詞garbha，意為子宮。它可以進一步被衍伸為子宮中的嬰兒胞胎，因此，它也有包涵、隱覆、胎藏之意。最早出自《梨俱吠陀》〈生主歌〉，以人類從子宮出生的例子，想像世界也是由一個胚胎所開始，在胞胎中蘊藏了世界的一切。

all sentient beings contain a Tathagata’. (Paul Williams, 2e, 2009. p. 104) 眾生皆有佛性

草木瓦石，皆有良知，意思是說，王陽明有受如來藏影響，

或許這可以解釋，為什麼藏傳佛教會講 deity yoga，

See also 

編

《勝鬘ㄇㄢˊ獅子吼一乘大方便方廣經》（梵語：Śrīmālādevī Siṃhanāda ekayāna mahopāya vaipulya Sūtra；英語：Lion's Roar of Queen Śrīmālā），簡稱《勝鬘經》，佛教典籍，主要闡述寶積部如來藏佛理。

地理就是宿命 （geography is destiny)

意思是說，你張開眼，見到什麼，你就是什麼，比如說，藏傳佛教，喇嘛開眼，見到一望無際，冰封的高山，比如說，東南亞森林，和尚開眼，見到泥濘的樹叢，滿天飛蚊 （注意，不是滿天神佛），比如說，船子和尚起身，見到清澈見底的江水，比如說，孟東籬 （1984-1997）鹽寮開眼，見到太平洋，比如說，福德身心診所，開眼見到，舊愛新歡，平價酒店，

Intersections between zen buddhism and deleuzian philosophy (2011)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292769551_Intersections_between_zen_buddhism_and_deleuzian_philosophy

Deleuze and Guattari and Buddhism: Toward Spiritual Anarchism through Reading Toshihiko Izutsu (2016)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309588702_Deleuze_and_Guattari_and_Buddhism_Toward_Spiritual_Anarchism_through_Reading_Toshihiko_Izutsu

A Life between the Finite and Infinite: Remarks on Deleuze, Badiou and Western Buddhism (2014)

https://www.jstor.org/stable/45331801

Deleuze and Buddhism: Two Concepts of Subjectivity?

https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/dlgs.2019.0343